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Factors influencing environmental sampling recovery of healthcare pathogens from non-porous surfaces with cellulose sponges.

ABSTRACT: Results from sampling healthcare surfaces for pathogens are difficult to interpret without understanding the factors that influence pathogen detection. We investigated the recovery of four healthcare-associated pathogens from three common surface materials, and how a body fluid simulant (artificial test soil, ATS), deposition method, and contamination levels influence the percent of organisms recovered (%R). Known quantities of carbapenemase-producing KPC+ Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC), Acinetobacter baumannii, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis, and Clostridioides difficile spores (CD) were suspended in Butterfield's buffer or ATS, deposited on 323cm2 steel, plastic, and laminate surfaces, allowed to dry 1h, then sampled with a cellulose sponge wipe. Bacteria were eluted, cultured, CFU counted and %R determined relative to the inoculum. The %R varied by organism, from <1% (KPC) to almost 60% (CD) and was more dependent upon the organism's characteristics and presence of ATS than on surface type. KPC persistence as determined by culture also declined by >1 log10 within the 60 min drying time. For all organisms, the %R was significantly greater if suspended in ATS than if suspended in Butterfield's buffer (p<0.05), and for most organisms the %R was not significantly different when sampled from any of the three surfaces. Organisms deposited in multiple droplets were recovered at equal or higher %R than if spread evenly on the surface. This work assists in interpreting data collected while investigating a healthcare infection outbreak or while conducting infection intervention studies.

SUBMITTER: Rose LJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8757884 | biostudies-literature | 2022

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Factors influencing environmental sampling recovery of healthcare pathogens from non-porous surfaces with cellulose sponges.

Rose Laura J LJ Houston Hollis H Martinez-Smith Marla M Lyons Amanda K AK Whitworth Carrie C Reddy Sujan C SC Noble-Wang Judith J

PloS one 20220113 1

Results from sampling healthcare surfaces for pathogens are difficult to interpret without understanding the factors that influence pathogen detection. We investigated the recovery of four healthcare-associated pathogens from three common surface materials, and how a body fluid simulant (artificial test soil, ATS), deposition method, and contamination levels influence the percent of organisms recovered (%R). Known quantities of carbapenemase-producing KPC+ Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC), Acinetobac ...[more]

PMID: 35025906

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Project description:Hospital surfaces are known to contribute to the spread of healthcare-associated antimicrobial pathogens. Environmental sampling can help locate reservoirs and determine intervention strategies, although sampling and detection can be labor intensive. Composite approaches may help reduce time and costs associated with sampling and detection. We investigated optimum surface areas for sampling antimicrobial-resistant organisms (AROs) with a single side of cellulose sponge, created theoretical composites (TC) by adding recovery results from multiple optimum areas, then compared the TC to the standard Centers for Disease Control and Prevention sampling method (one sponge using all sides, whole tool; (WT)). Five AROs were evaluated: carbapenemase-producing KPC+ Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC), Acinetobacter baumannii (AB), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VRE) and Clostridioides difficile spores (CD). Steel coupons comprising four surface areas (323; 645; 1,290 and 2,258 cm2) were inoculated, dried, and sampled with one sampling pass using the larger side (face) or the smaller side (edge) of a pre-moistened cellulose sponge tool. Based on the optimum areas determined for each organism, composite areas were 1,290 cm2 for MRSA and VRE, 1,936 cm2 for AB, 2,580 cm2 for CD spores and 3,870 cm2 for KPC. Total colony forming units (CFU) recovered using a composite approach was greater or comparable than using multiple WT samplings (over the same area as the composite) for MRSA, VRE and AB (130%; 144% and 95%) yet less than if using multiple WT samplings for KP and CD (47% and 66%). We propose a conservative composite sampling strategy if the target organism is unknown; 323 cm2 sampling area for each of the four sides of the sponge, (1290 cm2 total). The conservative composite sampling strategy improved the recovery of KP (from 47% to 85% of multiple WT samplings), while MRSA, VRE, AB and CD (131%; 144%; 97% and 66%) remained within 5% to that of the optimum area TC.

Dataset Information

Factors influencing environmental sampling recovery of healthcare pathogens from non-porous surfaces with cellulose sponges.

Publications

Factors influencing environmental sampling recovery of healthcare pathogens from non-porous surfaces with cellulose sponges.

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