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Phosphorus removal in denitrifying woodchip bioreactors varies by wood type and water chemistry.

ABSTRACT: Denitrifying woodchip bioreactors are a practical nitrogen (N) mitigation technology but evaluating the potential for bioreactor phosphorus (P) removal is highly relevant given that (1) agricultural runoff often contains N and P, (2) very low P concentrations cause eutrophication, and (3) there are few options for removing dissolved P once it is in runoff. A series of batch tests evaluated P removal by woodchips that naturally contained a range of metals known to sorb P and then three design and environmental factors (water matrix, particle size, initial dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) concentration). Woodchips with the highest aluminum and iron content provided the most dissolved P removal (13±2.5 mg DRP removed/kg woodchip). However, poplar woodchips, which had low metals content, provided the second highest removal (12±0.4 mg/kg) when they were tested with P-dosed river water which had a relatively complex water matrix. Chemical P sorption due to woodchip elements may be possible, but it is likely one of a variety of P removal mechanisms in real-world bioreactor settings. Scaling the results indicated bioreactors could remove 0.40 to 13 g DRP/ha. Woodchip bioreactor dissolved P removal will likely be small in magnitude, but any such contribution is an added-value benefit of this denitrifying technology.

SUBMITTER: Sanchez Bustamante-Bailon AP

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8763764 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Phosphorus removal in denitrifying woodchip bioreactors varies by wood type and water chemistry.

Sanchez Bustamante-Bailon Ana Paula AP Margenot Andrew A Cooke Richard A C RAC Christianson Laura E LE

Environmental science and pollution research international 20210830 5

Denitrifying woodchip bioreactors are a practical nitrogen (N) mitigation technology but evaluating the potential for bioreactor phosphorus (P) removal is highly relevant given that (1) agricultural runoff often contains N and P, (2) very low P concentrations cause eutrophication, and (3) there are few options for removing dissolved P once it is in runoff. A series of batch tests evaluated P removal by woodchips that naturally contained a range of metals known to sorb P and then three design and ...[more]

PMID: 34460085

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Project description:Freshwater ecosystems can be largely affected by neighboring agriculture fields where potential fertilizer nitrate run-off may leach into surrounding water bodies. To counteract this eutrophic driver, farmers in certain areas are utilizing denitrifying woodchip bioreactors (WBRs) in which a consortium of microorganisms convert the nitrate into nitrogen gases in anoxia, fueled by the degradation of lignocellulose. Polysaccharide-degrading strategies have been well described for various aerobic and anaerobic systems, including the use of carbohydrate-active enzymes, utilization of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) and other redox enzymes, as well as the use of cellulosomes and polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs). However, for denitrifying microorganisms, the lignocellulose-degrading strategies remain largely unknown. Here, we have applied a combination of enrichment techniques, gas measurements, multi-omics approaches, and amplicon sequencing of fungal ITS and procaryotic 16S rRNA genes to identify microbial drivers for lignocellulose transformation in woodchip bioreactors and their active enzymes. Our findings highlight a microbial community enriched for (ligno)cellulose-degrading denitrifiers with key players from the taxa Giesbergeria, Cellulomonas, Azonexus, and UBA5070 (Fibrobacterota). A wide substrate specificity is observed among the many expressed carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) including PULs from Bacteroidetes. This suggests a broad degradation of lignocellulose subfractions, including enzymes with auxiliary activities whose functionality is still puzzling under strict anaerobic conditions.ImportanceFreshwater ecosystems face significant threats from agricultural runoff, which can lead to eutrophication and subsequent degradation of water quality. One solution to mitigate this issue is using denitrifying woodchip bioreactors (WBRs), where microorganisms convert nitrate into nitrogen gases utilizing lignocellulose as a carbon source. Despite the well-documented polysaccharide-degrading strategies in various systems, the mechanisms employed by denitrifying microorganisms in WBRs remain largely unexplored. This study fills a critical knowledge gap by revealing the degrading strategies of denitrifying microbial communities in WBRs. By integrating state-of-the-art techniques, we have identified key microbial drivers including Giesbergeria, Cellulomonas, Azonexus, and UBA5070 (Fibrobacterota) playing significant roles in lignocellulose transformation and showcasing a broad substrate specificity and complex metabolic capability. Our findings advance the understanding of microbial ecology in WBRs and by revealing the enzymatic activities, this research may inform efforts to improve water quality, protect aquatic ecosystems, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from WBRs.

Project description:BackgroundDenitrifying phosphorus removal sludge (DPRS) is widely adopted for nitrogen and phosphorus removal in wastewater treatment but faces threats from heavy metals. However, a lack of understanding of the taxon-specific heavy metal-resistance mechanisms hinders the targeted optimization of DPRS's robustness in nutrient removal.ResultsWe obtained 403 high- or medium-quality metagenome-assembled genomes from DPRS treated by elevating cadmium, nickel, and chromium pressure. Then, the proteomic responses of individual taxa under heavy metal pressures were characterized, with an emphasis on functions involving heavy metal resistance and maintenance of nutrient metabolism. When oxygen availability was constrained by high-concentration heavy metals, comammox Nitrospira overproduced highly oxygen-affinitive hemoglobin and electron-transporting cytochrome c-like proteins, underpinning its ability to enhance oxygen acquisition and utilization. In contrast, Nitrosomonas overexpressed ammonia monooxygenase and nitrite reductase to facilitate the partial nitrification and denitrification process for maintaining nitrogen removal. Comparisons between phosphorus-accumulating organisms (PAOs) demonstrated different heavy metal-resistance mechanisms adopted by Dechloromonas and Candidatus Accumulibacter, despite their high genomic similarities. In particular, Dechloromonas outcompeted the canonical PAO Candidatus Accumulibacter in synthesizing polyphosphate, a potential public good for heavy metal detoxification. The superiority of Dechloromonas in energy utilization, radical elimination, and damaged cell component repair also contributed to its dominance under heavy metal pressures. Moreover, the enrichment analysis revealed that functions involved in extracellular polymeric substance formation, siderophore activity, and heavy metal efflux were significantly overexpressed due to the related activities of specific taxa.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that heavy metal-resistance mechanisms within a multipartite community are highly heterogeneous between different taxa. These findings provide a fundamental understanding of how the heterogeneity of individual microorganisms contributes to the metabolic versatility and robustness of microbiomes inhabiting dynamic environments, which is vital for manipulating the adaptation of microbial assemblages under adverse environmental stimuli. Video abstract.

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Phosphorus removal in denitrifying woodchip bioreactors varies by wood type and water chemistry.

Publications

Phosphorus removal in denitrifying woodchip bioreactors varies by wood type and water chemistry.

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