Dataset Information

Assessing community-level COVID-19 infection risk through three-generational household concentration in Nebraska, U.S.: An approach for COVID-19 prevention.

ABSTRACT: The three-generational household was a focal point of concern for school and community the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission. The current study, using small area data and household variables, reported an approach to neighborhood-level COVID-19 mitigation for school reopening and communities returning to normalcy. The study started with an age-stratified Poisson regression to examine the association between the proportion of three-generational households and COVID-19 infection rates based on data from 74 census tracts in Lancaster County, Nebraska, U.S. from March 5, 2020 to August 22, 2020, followed by mapping the model-based risk score by census tract in the study area. We explored the feasibility of using COVID-19 infection rates and vaccination rates to inform decision-making on school opening from March 5, 2020 to February 3, 2021. The overall infection rate increased by 3% for every unit increased in the percentage of three-generational households after controlling for other covariates in the model. The census tracts were classified into low-, medium-, and high-priority neighborhoods for potential community-based interventions, such as targeted messages for household hygiene and isolation strategies.

SUBMITTER: Liu D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8767931 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Assessing community-level COVID-19 infection risk through three-generational household concentration in Nebraska, U.S.: An approach for COVID-19 prevention.

Liu Dong D Lin Ge G Liu Han H Su Dejun D Qu Ming M Du Yi Y

Preventive medicine reports 20220119

The three-generational household was a focal point of concern for school and community the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission. The current study, using small area data and household variables, reported an approach to neighborhood-level COVID-19 mitigation for school reopening and communities returning to normalcy. The study started with an age-stratified Poisson regression to examine the association between the proportion of three-generational households and COVID-19 infection rate ...[more]

PMID: 35070646

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Project description:IntroductionCOVID-19 relief payments and programs may have contributed to the shift in food expenditures from food away from home to food at home during the pandemic. This shift has public health implications given the differences in the nutritional quality between food at home and food away from home. The objective of this study is to examine the association between COVID-19 relief and household food at home and food away from home expenditure shares. Economic Impact Payments, Pandemic-Electronic Benefits Transfer, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, and charitable food receipt are considered.MethodsFood expenditure and COVID-19 relief data for 265,443 households were obtained from Phase 3.1 (April 28 to July 5, 2021) of the Household Pulse Survey. Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood estimators were employed in 2023 to analyze the association between COVID-19 relief and household food at home and food away from home expenditure shares.ResultsPandemic-Electronic Benefits Transfer receipt was associated with households allocating 3% less of food expenditures to food at home and 9% more to food away from home. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program and charitable food receipt were associated with spending 8% and 3% more of food expenditures on food at home and 22% and 9% less on food away from home, respectively. Recent Economic Impact Payment receipt was associated with reduced food at home and increased food away from home expenditure shares among households with low-income and/or a Black respondent.ConclusionsStudy results indicate that COVID-19 relief contributed to changing food expenditure patterns during the pandemic. Of note, Pandemic-Electronic Benefits Transfer and Economic Impact Payment receipt were associated with spending a greater share of food dollars on food away from home. Nutritional implications of COVID-19 relief warrant further investigation and should be carefully considered in the design of future nutrition assistance emergency relief.

Project description:The spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) across the United States confirms that not all Americans are equally at risk of infection, severe disease, or mortality. A range of intersecting biological, demographic, and socioeconomic factors are likely to determine an individual's susceptibility to COVID-19. These factors vary significantly across counties in the United States, and often reflect the structural inequities in our society. Recognizing this vast inter-county variation in risks will be critical to mounting an adequate response strategy. Using publicly available county-specific data we identified key biological, demographic, and socioeconomic factors influencing susceptibility to COVID-19, guided by international experiences and consideration of epidemiological parameters of importance. We created bivariate county-level maps to summarize examples of key relationships across these categories, grouping age and poverty; comorbidities and lack of health insurance; proximity, density and bed capacity; and race and ethnicity, and premature death. We have also made available an interactive online tool that allows public health officials to query risk factors most relevant to their local context. Our data demonstrate significant inter-county variation in key epidemiological risk factors, with a clustering of counties in certain states, which will result in an increased demand on their public health system. While the East and West coast cities are particularly vulnerable owing to their densities (and travel routes), a large number of counties in the Southeastern states have a high proportion of at-risk populations, with high levels of poverty, comorbidities, and premature death at baseline, and low levels of health insurance coverage. The list of variables we have examined is by no means comprehensive, and several of them are interrelated and magnify underlying vulnerabilities. The online tool allows readers to explore additional combinations of risk factors, set categorical thresholds for each covariate, and filter counties above different population thresholds. COVID-19 responses and decision making in the United States remain decentralized. Both the federal and state governments will benefit from recognizing high intra-state, inter-county variation in population risks and response capacity. Many of the factors that are likely to exacerbate the burden of COVID-19 and the demand on healthcare systems are the compounded result of long-standing structural inequalities in US society. Strategies to protect those in the most vulnerable counties will require urgent measures to better support communities' attempts at social distancing and to accelerate cooperation across jurisdictions to supply personnel and equipment to counties that will experience high demand.

Dataset Information

Assessing community-level COVID-19 infection risk through three-generational household concentration in Nebraska, U.S.: An approach for COVID-19 prevention.

Publications

Assessing community-level COVID-19 infection risk through three-generational household concentration in Nebraska, U.S.: An approach for COVID-19 prevention.

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