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Artificial intelligence in clinical research of cancers.

ABSTRACT: Several factors, including advances in computational algorithms, the availability of high-performance computing hardware, and the assembly of large community-based databases, have led to the extensive application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the biomedical domain for nearly 20 years. AI algorithms have attained expert-level performance in cancer research. However, only a few AI-based applications have been approved for use in the real world. Whether AI will eventually be capable of replacing medical experts has been a hot topic. In this article, we first summarize the cancer research status using AI in the past two decades, including the consensus on the procedure of AI based on an ideal paradigm and current efforts of the expertise and domain knowledge. Next, the available data of AI process in the biomedical domain are surveyed. Then, we review the methods and applications of AI in cancer clinical research categorized by the data types including radiographic imaging, cancer genome, medical records, drug information and biomedical literatures. At last, we discuss challenges in moving AI from theoretical research to real-world cancer research applications and the perspectives toward the future realization of AI participating cancer treatment.

SUBMITTER: Shao D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8769909 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:The degree to which artificial intelligence healthcare research is informed by data and stakeholders from community settings has not been previously described. As communities are the principal location of healthcare delivery, engaging them could represent an important opportunity to improve scientific quality. This scoping review systematically maps what is known and unknown about community-engaged artificial intelligence research and identifies opportunities to optimize the generalizability of these applications through involvement of community stakeholders and data throughout model development, validation, and implementation. Embase, PubMed, and MEDLINE databases were searched for articles describing artificial intelligence or machine learning healthcare applications with community involvement in model development, validation, or implementation. Model architecture and performance, the nature of community engagement, and barriers or facilitators to community engagement were reported according to PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. Of approximately 10,880 articles describing artificial intelligence healthcare applications, 21 (0.2%) described community involvement. All articles derived data from community settings, most commonly by leveraging existing datasets and sources that included community subjects, and often bolstered by internet-based data acquisition and subject recruitment. Only one article described inclusion of community stakeholders in designing an application-a natural language processing model that detected cases of likely child abuse with 90% accuracy using harmonized electronic health record notes from both hospital and community practice settings. The primary barrier to including community-derived data was small sample sizes, which may have affected 11 of the 21 studies (53%), introducing substantial risk for overfitting that threatens generalizability. Community engagement in artificial intelligence healthcare application development, validation, or implementation is rare. As healthcare delivery occurs primarily in community settings, investigators should consider engaging community stakeholders in user-centered design, usability, and clinical implementation studies to optimize generalizability.

Dataset Information

Artificial intelligence in clinical research of cancers.

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