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Decreased number of inpatients with community-acquired pneumonia during the COVID-19 pandemic: A large multicenter study in Japan

ABSTRACT: The COVID-19 pandemic has shaped the dynamics of many diseases. This study aims to assess how the pandemic affected community-acquired pneumonia admission of all age groups among Japanese hospitals with various size and availability of COVID-19 wards. Our findings revealed a 44%–53% reduction in community-acquired pneumonia admission among 82 hospitals in Japan, from April through September of 2020, compared to the same period of 2019. Decreases were consistently found among hospitals with and without COVID-19 wards. The most significant decrease was found in the age group <20 years old. COVID-19 preventive measures and personal hygiene are considered to be effective measures to prevent the spreading of this disease. As vaccination progresses and the public gradually become less attentive to infection countermeasures, incidence of community-acquired pneumonia may increase in the coming season. Continued monitoring is required.

SUBMITTER: Yan Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8776425 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundPrediction of inpatients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) at high risk for severe adverse events (SAEs) requiring higher-intensity treatment is critical. However, evidence regarding prediction rules applicable to all patients with CAP including those with healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) is limited. The objective of this study is to develop and validate a new prediction system for SAEs in inpatients with CAP.MethodsLogistic regression analysis was performed in 1334 inpatients of a prospective multicenter study to develop a multivariate model predicting SAEs (death, requirement of mechanical ventilation, and vasopressor support within 30 days after diagnosis). The developed ALL-COP-SCORE rule based on the multivariate model was validated in 643 inpatients in another prospective multicenter study.ResultsThe ALL-COP SCORE rule included albumin (< 2 g/dL, 2 points; 2-3 g/dL, 1 point), white blood cell (< 4000 cells/μL, 3 points), chronic lung disease (1 point), confusion (2 points), PaO2/FIO2 ratio (< 200 mmHg, 3 points; 200-300 mmHg, 1 point), potassium (≥ 5.0 mEq/L, 2 points), arterial pH (< 7.35, 2 points), systolic blood pressure (< 90 mmHg, 2 points), PaCO2 (> 45 mmHg, 2 points), HCO3- (< 20 mmol/L, 1 point), respiratory rate (≥ 30 breaths/min, 1 point), pleural effusion (1 point), and extent of chest radiographical infiltration in unilateral lung (> 2/3, 2 points; 1/2-2/3, 1 point). Patients with 4-5, 6-7, and ≥ 8 points had 17%, 35%, and 52% increase in the probability of SAEs, respectively, whereas the probability of SAEs was 3% in patients with ≤ 3 points. The ALL-COP SCORE rule exhibited a higher area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.85) compared with the other predictive models, and an ALL-COP SCORE threshold of ≥ 4 points exhibited 92% sensitivity and 60% specificity.ConclusionsALL-COP SCORE rule can be useful to predict SAEs and aid in decision-making on treatment intensity for all inpatients with CAP including those with HCAP. Higher-intensity treatment should be considered in patients with CAP and an ALL-COP SCORE threshold of ≥ 4 points.Trial registrationThis study was registered with the University Medical Information Network in Japan, registration numbers UMIN000003306 and UMIN000009837.

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Decreased number of inpatients with community-acquired pneumonia during the COVID-19 pandemic: A large multicenter study in Japan

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