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Βio-Based Epoxy/Amine Reinforced with Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) or GLYMO-rGO: Study of Curing Kinetics, Mechanical Properties, Lamination and Bonding Performance.

ABSTRACT: In this work, we report the synthesis and study of nanocomposites with a biobased epoxy/amine (Epilok 60-600G/Curamine 30-952) matrix reinforced with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) or functionalised with 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GLYMO-rGO). These graphene related materials (GRMs) were first dispersed into a Curamine hardener using bath ultrasonication, followed by the addition of epoxy resin. Curing kinetics were studied by DSC under non-isothermal and isothermal conditions. The addition of 1.5 wt% of GLYMO-rGO into the epoxy matrix was found to increase the degree of cure by up to 12% and glass transition temperature by 14 °C. Mechanical testing showed that the addition of 0.05 wt% GLYMO-rGO improves Young's modulus and tensile strength by 60% and 16%, respectively, compared to neat epoxy. Carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates were prepared via hand lay up, using the nanocomposite system GRM/Epilok/Curamine as matrix, and were cut as CFRP adherents for lap shear joints. GRM/Epilok/Curamine was also used as adhesive to bond CFRP/CFRP and CFRP/aluminium adherents. The addition of 0.1 wt% GLYMO-rGO into the adhesive and CRFP adherents showed improved lap shear strength by 23.6% compared to neat resin, while in the case of CFRP/Aluminium joints the increase was 21.2%.

SUBMITTER: Rehman S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8778273 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:We investigated the influence of anion type (salicylate, [(MOB)MIm][Sal], vs chloride, [(MOB)MIm][Cl]) of imidazolium-based ionic liquid (IL) and its content on the curing kinetics of bisphenol A diglicydyl ether (DGEBA of molecular weight M n = 340 g/mol). Further physicochemical properties (i.e., glass transition temperature, T g, and conductivity, σdc) of produced polymers were investigated. The polymerization of the studied systems was examined at various molar ratios (1:1, 10:1, and 20:1) at different reaction temperatures (T reaction = 353-383 K) by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Interestingly, both DGEBA/IL compositions studied herein revealed significantly different reaction kinetics and yielded materials of completely distinct physical properties. Surprisingly, in contrast to [(MOB)MIm][Cl], for the low concentration of [(MOB)MIm][Sal] in the reaction mixture, an additional step in the kinetic curves, likely due to the combined enhanced initiation activity of anion (salicylate)-cation (imidazolium-based), was noted. To thoroughly analyze the kinetics of all studied systems, including the two-step kinetics of DGEBA/[(MOB)MIm][Sal], we applied a new approach that relies on the combination of the two phenomenological Avrami equations. Analysis of the determined constant rates revealed that the reaction occurring in the presence of the salicylate anion is characterized by higher activation energy with respect to those with the chloride. Moreover, DGEBA/[(MOB)MIm][Sal] cured materials have higher T g in comparison to DGEBA polymerized with [(MOB)MIm][Cl] independent of the IL concentration. This fact might indicate that, most likely, the products of hardening are highly cross-linked (high T g) or oligomeric linear polymers (low T g) in the former and latter cases, respectively. Such a change in the chemical structure of the polymer is also reflected in the dc conductivity measured at the glass transition temperature, which is much higher for DGEBA cured with [(MOB)MIm][Cl]. Herein, we have clearly demonstrated that the type of anion has a crucial impact on the polymerization mechanism, kinetics, and properties of produced materials.

Dataset Information

Βio-Based Epoxy/Amine Reinforced with Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) or GLYMO-rGO: Study of Curing Kinetics, Mechanical Properties, Lamination and Bonding Performance.

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