Targeted Synthesis of 3,3'-, 3,4'- and 3,6'-Phenylpropanoid Sucrose Esters.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Kathy WPW
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8780461 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Much remains unknown about how transcription factors and sugars regulate phenylpropanoid metabolism in tuber crops like potato (Solanum tuberosum). Based on phylogeny and protein similarity to known regulators of phenylpropanoid metabolism, 15 transcription factors were selected and their expression was compared in white, yellow, red, and purple genotypes with contrasting phenolic and anthocyanin profiles. Red and purple genotypes had increased phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) enzyme activity, markedly higher levels of phenylpropanoids, and elevated expression of most phenylpropanoid structural genes, including a novel anthocyanin O-methyltransferase. The transcription factors Anthocyanin1 (StAN1), basic Helix Loop Helix1 (StbHLH1), and StWD40 were more strongly expressed in red and purple potatoes. Expression of 12 other transcription factors was not associated with phenylpropanoid content, except for StMYB12B, which showed a negative relationship. Increased expression of AN1, bHLH1, and WD40 was also associated with environmentally mediated increases in tuber phenylpropanoids. Treatment of potato plantlets with sucrose induced hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonols, anthocyanins, structural genes, AN1, bHLH1, WD40, and genes encoding the sucrose-hydrolysing enzymes SUSY1, SUSY4, and INV2. Transient expression of StAN1 in tobacco leaves induced bHLH1, structural genes, SUSY1, SUSY4, and INV1, and increased phenylpropanoid amounts. StAN1 infiltration into tobacco leaves decreased sucrose and glucose concentrations. In silico promoter analysis revealed the presence of MYB and bHLH regulatory elements on sucrolytic gene promoters and sucrose-responsive elements on the AN1 promoter. These findings reveal an interesting dynamic between AN1, sucrose, and sucrose metabolic genes in modulating potato phenylpropanoids.
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Project description:In the mol-ecule of the title compound, C(22)H(26)N(4)O(4)S(2), the central O-CH(2)-CH(2)-O chain adopts a synclinal conformation [torsion angle = 65.0?(2)°]. The crystal structure is stabilized by intra-molecular N-H?O=C and inter-molecular N-H?O-C hydrogen bonds.
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Project description:A novel series of 3,6-diaryl-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazines were designed, synthesized and biologically evaluated as vinylogous CA-4 analogues, which involved a rigid [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazine scaffold to fix the configuration of (Z,E)-butadiene linker of A-ring and B-ring. Among these rigidly vinylogous CA-4 analogues, compounds 4d, 5b, 5i, 6c, 6e, 6g, 6i and 6k showed excellent antiproliferative activities against SGC-7901, A549 and HT-1080 cell lines with IC50 values at the nanomolar level. Compound 6i showed the most highly active antiproliferative activity against the three human cancer cell lines with an IC50 values of 0.011-0.015?µM, which are comparable to those of CA-4 (IC50?=?0.009-0.013?µM). Interestingly, SAR studies revealed that 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl, 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl and 4-methoxyphenyl could replace the classic 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl in CA-4 structure and keep antiproliferative activity in this series of designed compounds. Tubulin polymerization experiments showed that 6i could effectively inhibit tubulin polymerization, which was corresponded with CA-4, and immunostaining experiments suggested that 6i significantly disrupted microtubule/tubulin dynamics. Furthermore, 6i potently induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase in SGC-7901 cells. Competitive binding assays and docking studies suggested that compound 6i binds to the tubulin perfectly at the colchicine binding site. Taken together, these results revealed that 6i may become a promising lead compound for new anticancer drugs discovery.
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Project description:In the mol-ecule of the title compound, C(21)H(19)NO, the terminal saturated six-membered ring of the dihydro-acridine unit adopts an envelope conformation, while the other two fused rings are nearly coplanar, with a dihedral angle of 2.61?(3)°. The coplanar ring system is oriented with respect to the phenyl ring at a dihedral angle of 74.58?(3)°. In the crystal structure, there is a C-H?? contact between the central ring of the dihydro-acridine system and the phenyl ring and a ?-? contact between the two central rings [centroid-centroid distance = 3.809?(1)?Å].
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Project description:The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(18)H(18)Cl(2)N(2)O(2), contains one half of an independent mol-ecule, the other half being generated via a centre of inversion at the mol-ecular centroid. In the crystal structure, mol-ecular chains are formed through non-classical C-H? O hydrogen bonds between an axial H atom of the oxazine ring and the O atom of a neighbouring mol-ecule.
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Project description:Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Solanaceae), known as Indian ginseng or ashwagandha, has been used in Indian Ayurveda for the treatment of a variety of disorders, such as diabetes and reproductive and nervous system disorders. It is particularly used as a general health tonic, analgesic, and sedative. As part of continuing projects to discover unique bioactive natural products from medicinal plants, phytochemical investigation of the roots of W. somnifera combined with a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS)-based analysis has led to the isolation of two novel phenylpropanoid esters, Withaninsams A (1) and B (2), as an inseparable mixture, along with three known phenolic compounds (3, 4, and 6) and a pyrazole alkaloid (5). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated using a combination of spectroscopic methods, including one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (HR-ESIMS). Withaninsams A (1) and B (2) are phenylpropanoid esters that contain a side chain, 4-methyl-1,4-pentanediol unit. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to report on phenylpropanoid esters with 4-methyl-1,4-pentanediol unit. The anti-inflammatory activity of the isolated compounds (1-6) was evaluated by determining their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, where compound 3 inhibited LPS-induced NO production (IC50 = 33.3 ?M) and TNF-? production, a pro-inflammatory cytokine (IC50 = 40.9 ?M). The anti-inflammatory mechanism through the inhibition of transcriptional iNOS protein expression was confirmed by western blotting experiments for the active compound 3, which showed decreased iNOS protein expression.
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Project description:The title compound, C(18)H(20)N(2)O(2), was prepared by Mannich-type reaction of phenol, ethane-1,2-diamine and formaldehyde. The heterocyclic rings adopt half-chair conformations. The acyclic methyl-ene groups attached to the N atoms are in an axial position. In the crystal, weak C-H?O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into dimers. These dimers are further connected via C-H?? contacts.
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Project description:In the mol-ecule of the title compound, C(21)H(22)N(4)O(6)S, the planar central heterocyclic ring system is oriented with respect to the trimethoxy-phenyl rings at dihedral angles of 2.60?(5) and 3.60?(6)°. Intra-molecular C-H?N and C-H?S hydrogen bonds result in the formation of planar five- and six-membered rings. In the crystal structure, inter-molecular C-H?O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules. There is a C-H?? contact between a methyl group and a trimethoxy-phenyl ring, and a ?-? contact between the central heterocyclic ring system and a trimethoxy-phenyl ring [centroid-centroid distance = 3.640?(1)?Å].
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Project description:Chemical investigation of the whole plants of Phyllanthus cochinchinensis (Euphorbiaceae) led to the isolation of five new sucrose benzoyl esters, 3,6?-di-O-benzoylsucrose (1), 3,6?-di-O-benzoyl-2?-O-acetylsucrose (2), 3,6?-di-O-benzoyl-4?-Oacetylsucrose (3), 3,6?-di-O-benzoyl-3?-O-acetylsucrose (4) and 3-O-benzoyl-6?-O-(E)-cinnamoylsucrose (5), together with two known secoiridoid glycosides, jasminoside (6) and jaslanceoside B (7). Their structures were established on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis and chemical method. Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at 10.1007/s13659-013-0026-7 and is accessible for authorized users.
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Project description:Banana inflorescences are a byproduct of banana cultivation consumed in various regions of Brazil as a non-conventional food. This byproduct represents an alternative food supply that can contribute to the resolution of nutritional problems and hunger. This product is also used in Asia as a traditional remedy for the treatment of various illnesses such as bronchitis and dysentery. However, there is a lack of chemical and pharmacological data to support its consumption as a functional food. Therefore, this work aimed to study the anti-inflammatory action of Musa acuminata blossom by quantifying the cytokine levels (NOx, IL-1?, TNF-?, and IL-6) in peritoneal neutrophils, and to study its antiparasitic activities using the intracellular forms of T. cruzi, L. amazonensis, and L. infantum. This work also aimed to establish the chemical profile of the inflorescence using UPLC-ESI-MS analysis. Flowers and the crude bract extracts were partitioned in dichloromethane and n-butanol to afford four fractions (FDCM, FNBU, BDCM, and BNBU). FDCM showed moderate trypanocidal activity and promising anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting IL-1?, TNF-?, and IL-6. BDCM significantly inhibited the secretion of TNF-?, while BNBU was active against IL-6 and NOx. LCMS data of these fractions revealed an unprecedented presence of arylpropanoid sucroses alongside flavonoids, triterpenes, benzofurans, stilbenes, and iridoids. The obtained results revealed that banana inflorescences could be used as an anti-inflammatory food ingredient to control inflammatory diseases.
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