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Changes in Electroencephalography Activity in Response to Power Mobility Training: A Pilot Project

ABSTRACT: Purpose: The purposes of this pilot project were to examine the impact of power mobility training on (1) electroencephalography (EEG) activity in children with severe cerebral palsy (CP) and (2) power mobility skill acquisition. Method: A single-subject A–B–A–B research design with a 5-week duration for each phase (20 wk total) was replicated across three participants with severe CP (Gross Motor Function Classification System Level V). Data related to the target behaviour, as represented by EEG activity, were collected each week. Power mobility skills were assessed using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), the Wheelchair Skills Checklist (WSC), and the Assessment of Learning Powered mobility use (ALP). Weekly power mobility training was provided during the intervention phases. EEG data were analyzed by means of three measurement metrics (power spectral density, mutual information, and transfer entropy). Results: All three participants demonstrated changes in activation in frontoparietal EEG recordings and clinically significant improvements in power mobility skill acquisition as measured by the COPM as well as by the ALP and WSC. Conclusions: Power mobility training appeared to affect both neuroplastic and skill acquisition. Combining the use of EEG with direct therapist-observation measurement tools may provide a more complete understanding of the impact of power mobility training on children with severe CP.

SUBMITTER: Kenyon L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8781484 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a progressive condition with gait disturbance and balance disorder as the main symptoms. Previous research studies focused on the application of Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation (RAS) in PD gait rehabilitation. The key hypothesis of this pilot study, however, assumes the major role of the combination of all three Neurologic Music Therapy (NMT) sensorimotor techniques in improving spatio-temporal gait parameters, and postural stability in the course of PD. The 55 PD-diagnosed subjects invited to the study were divided into two groups: 30 in the experimental and 25 in the control group. Inclusion criteria included Hoehn and Yahr stages 2 or 3, the ability to walk independently without any aid and stable pharmacological treatment for the duration of the experiment. In order to evaluate the efficacy of the chosen therapy procedure the following measures were applied: Optoelectrical 3D Movement Analysis, System BTS Smart for gait, and Computerized Dynamic Posturography CQ Stab for stability and balance. All measures were conducted both before and after the therapy cycle. The subjects from the experimental group attended music therapy sessions four times a week for 4 weeks. Therapeutic Instrumental Music Performance (TIMP), Pattern Sensory Enhancement (PSE) and RAS were used in every 45-min session for practicing daily life activities, balance, pre-gait, and gait pattern. Percussion instruments, the metronome and rhythmic music were the basis for each session. The subjects from the control group were asked to stay active and perform daily life activities between the measures. The research showed that the combination of the three NMT sensorimotor techniques can be used to improve gait and other rhythmical activities in PD rehabilitation. The results demonstrated significant improvement in the majority of the spatiotemporal gait parameters in the experimental group in comparison to the control group. In the stability tests with eyes closed, substantial differences were revealed, indicating improvement of proprioception (the sense of body position and movement). These findings suggest a new compensatory strategy for movement and postural control through the use of the auditory system.

Project description:BackgroundRobot-assisted gait training (RAGT) is expected to be an effective rehabilitative intervention for patients with gait disturbances. However, the monotonous gait pattern provided by robotic guidance tends to induce sleepiness, and the resultant decreased arousal during RAGT may negatively affect gait training progress. This study assessed electroencephalography (EEG)-based, objective sleepiness during RAGT and examined whether verbal or nonverbal warning sounds are effective stimuli for counteracting such sleepiness.MethodsTwelve healthy men walked on a treadmill for 6 min, while being guided by a Gait-Assistance Robot, under 3 experimental conditions: with sine-wave sound stimulation (SS), verbal sound stimulation (VS), and no sound stimulation (NS). The volunteers were provided with warning sound stimulation at 4 min (ST1), 4 min 20 s (ST2), 4 min 40 s (ST3), and 5 min (ST4) after the start of RAGT. EEGs were recorded at the central (Cz) and occipital (O1 and O2) regions (International 10-20 system) before and during RAGT, and 4-s segments of EEG data were extracted from the filtered data during the 8 experimental periods: middle of the eyes-closed condition; middle of the eyes-open condition; beginning of RAGT; immediately before ST1; immediately after ST1, ST2, ST3, and ST4. According to the method used in the Karolinska drowsiness test, the power densities of the theta, alpha 1, and alpha 2 bands were calculated as indices of objective sleepiness.ResultsComparisons of the findings between baseline and before ST showed that the power densities of the alpha 1 and 2 bands tended to increase, whereas the theta power density increased significantly (P?<?.05). During NS, the power densities remained at a constant high level until after ST4. During SS and VS, the power densities were attenuated immediately to the same degree and maintained at a constant low level until after ST4.ConclusionsThis study is the first to demonstrate that EEG-measured arousal levels decrease within a short time during RAGT, but are restored and maintained by intermittent warning sound stimulation.

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Changes in Electroencephalography Activity in Response to Power Mobility Training: A Pilot Project

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