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CsWRKY25 Improves Resistance of Citrus Fruit to Penicillium digitatum via Modulating Reactive Oxygen Species Production.

ABSTRACT: WRKY transcription factors (TFs) play crucial roles in the regulation of biotic stress. Citrus is the most productive fruit in the world. It is of great value to investigate the regulatory molecular mechanism of WRKYs in improving disease resistance. In this research, the transcription level of CsWRKY25 was upregulated in P. digitatum infected citrus peel, and CsWRKY25 activated the expression of three target genes (RbohB, RbohD, and PR10). Besides, the Agrobacterium-mediated transient overexpression of CsWRKY25 has also been shown to enhance resistance to P. digitatum in citrus, and caused the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and lignin. The accumulation of ROS also activated the antioxidant system, the catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) genes were significant upregulated, leading to activation of antioxidant enzymes. In addition, the up-regulated expression of MPK5 and MPK6 genes suggested that the regulatory role of CsWRKY25 might be related to the phosphorylation process. In conclusion, CsWRKY25 could enhance the resistance to P. digitatum via modulating ROS production and PR genes in citrus peel.

SUBMITTER: Wang W

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8784754 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BACKGROUND: Postharvest losses of citrus fruit due to green mold decay, caused by the fungus Penicillium digitaum, have a considerable economic impact. However, little is known about the molecular processes underlying the response of citrus fruit to P. digitatum. RESULTS: Here we describe the construction of a subtracted cDNA library enriched in citrus genes preferentially expressed in response to pathogen infection followed by cDNA macroarray hybridization to investigate gene expression during the early stages of colonization of the fruit's peel by P. digitatum. Sequence annotation of clones from the subtracted cDNA library revealed that induction of secondary and amino acid metabolisms constitutes the major response of citrus fruits to P. digitatum infection. Macroarray hybridization analysis was conducted with RNA from either control, wounded, ethylene treated or P. digitatum infected fruit. Results indicate an extensive overlap in the response triggered by the three treatments, but also demonstrated specific patterns of gene expression in response to each stimulus. Collectively our data indicate a significant presence of isoprenoid, alkaloid and phenylpropanoid biosynthetic genes in the transcriptomic response of citrus fruits to P. digitatum infection. About half of the genes that are up-regulated in response to pathogen infection are also induced by ethylene, but many examples of ethylene-independent gene regulation were also found. Two notable examples of this regulation pattern are the genes showing homology to a caffeine synthase and a berberine bridge enzyme, two proteins involved in alkaloid biosynthesis, which are among the most induced genes upon P. digitatum infection but are not responsive to ethylene. CONCLUSIONS: This study provided the first global picture of the gene expression changes in citrus fruit in response to P. digitatum infection, emphasizing differences and commonalities with those triggered by wounding or exogenous ethylene treatment. Interpretation of the differentially expressed genes revealed that metabolism is redirected to the synthesis of isoprenes, alkaloids and phenylpropanoids.

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CsWRKY25 Improves Resistance of Citrus Fruit to Penicillium digitatum via Modulating Reactive Oxygen Species Production.

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