URMC Universal Depression Screening Initiative: Patient Reported Outcome Assessments to Promote a Person-Centered Biopsychosocial Population Health Management Strategy.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Van Orden KA
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8787088 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Background and Objectives:Nursing homes (NHs) using the Preferences for Everyday Living Inventory (PELI-NH) to assess important preferences and provide person-centered care find the number of items (72) to be a barrier to using the assessment. Research Design and Methods:Using a sample of n = 255 NH resident responses to the PELI-NH, we used the 16 preference items from the MDS 3.0 Section F to develop a machine learning recommender system to identify additional PELI-NH items that may be important to specific residents. Much like the Netflix recommender system, our system is based on the concept of collaborative filtering whereby insights and predictions (e.g., filters) are created using the interests and preferences of many users. The algorithm identifies multiple sets of "you might also like" patterns called association rules, based upon responses to the 16 MDS preferences that recommends an additional set of preferences with a high likelihood of being important to a specific resident. Results:In the evaluation of the combined apriori and logistic regression approach, we obtained a high recall performance (i.e., the ratio of correctly predicted preferences compared with all predicted preferences and nonpreferences) and high precision (i.e., the ratio of correctly predicted rules with respect to the rules predicted to be true) of 80.2% and 79.2%, respectively. Discussion and Implications:The recommender system successfully provides guidance on how to best tailor the preference items asked of residents and can support preference capture in busy clinical environments, contributing to the feasibility of delivering person-centered care.
| S-EPMC6326251 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundPerson-centered care (PCC) is an important concept in many countries' national guidelines and dementia plans. Key intervention categories, i.e., a taxonomy of person-centered (PC)-interventions, to provide person-centered dementia care, are difficult to identify from literature.ObjectiveThis systematic review aimed to identify and categorize published PC-interventions into key intervention categories to guide the provision of person-centered dementia care.MethodsConduct of this systematic review followed Cochrane guidelines. A search of the dimensions 'Dementia', 'Person-Centered Care', and 'Intervention' combined was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Study selection was based on 2-stage screening against eligibility criteria, limited to controlled study designs. Information about interventions and outcomes was extracted into an "Effects Table". The identified PC-interventions were categorized in intervention categories to provide person-centered dementia care.ResultsSearches identified 1,806 records. 19 studies were included. These covered a range of psychosocial interventions, oftentimes multi-component interventions, which followed heterogeneous approaches. Studies were conducted in long-term care/hospital settings. Nine key intervention categories were identified: social contact, physical activities, cognitive training, sensory enhancement, daily living assistance, life history oriented emotional support, training and support for professional caregivers, environmental adjustments, and care organization.ConclusionOur findings provide a current overview of published PC-interventions in dementia, which followed heterogeneous approaches under the PCC-concept. The heterogeneity made it challenging to identify a well-defined concept of PCC and common key intervention categories. An effectiveness-evaluation of "PC" - including "relationship-centered"-interventions may be valuable, to assess whether an explicit focus on relationships around PCC-interventions yields an added benefit.Prospero-idCRD42021225084.
| S-EPMC8609709 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and objectives: Numerous theoretical and clinical advances have been made through research on person-centered care (PCC). Nevertheless, care is still focused on the medical aspects of treating patients' diseases in Korea, and thus providing individualized PCC to patients tends to be neglected. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between PCC competence, empathic competence, interpersonal competence, and perceived stress to identify the factors that impact PCC competence for developing programs that foster PCC competence in nursing students. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from 149 participants, which comprised third- and fourth-year nursing students from two universities in Korea who have experienced clinical training. PCC competence, empathic competence, interpersonal competence, and perceived stress were measured using structured self-reported questionnaires. Results: PCC competence was positively correlated with empathic competence (p < 0.001) and interpersonal competence (p < 0.001), and negatively correlated with perceived stress (p < 0.001). Empathic competence, perceived stress, interpersonal competence, and satisfaction with the participants' nursing major were identified as factors that influenced the PCC competence (adjusted R2 = 0.570). Conclusions: To enhance PCC competence in nursing students, empathic competence, interpersonal competence, and satisfaction with the participants' nursing major need to be improved and perceived stress needs to be reduced.
| S-EPMC7466314 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Person-centeredness is a foundation of high-quality health systems but is poorly measured in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We piloted an online survey of four LMICs to identify the prevalence and correlates of excellent patient-reported quality of care (QOC). The aims of this study were to investigate the examine people's overall ratings of care quality in relation to their experiences seeking care in their respective health systems as well as individual-, provider- and facility-level predictors. We administered a cross-sectional online survey using Random Domain Intercept Technology to collect a sample of random internet users across India, Kenya, Mexico and Nigeria in November 2016. The primary outcome was patient-reported QOC. Covariates included age, gender, level of education, urban/rural residence, person for whom care was sought, type of provider seen, public or private sector status of the health facility and type of facility. The exposure was an index of health system responsiveness based on a framework from the World Health Organization. We used descriptive statistics to determine the prevalence of excellent patient-reported QOC and multivariable Poisson regression to calculate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) for predictors of excellent patient-reported quality. Fourteen thousand and eight people completed the survey (22.6% completion rate). Survey respondents tended to be young, male, well-educated and urban-dwelling, reflective of the demographic of the internet-using population. Four thousand one and ninety-one (29.9%) respondents sought care in the prior 6 months. Of those, 21.8% rated their QOC as excellent. The highest proportion of respondents gave the top rating for wait time (44.6%), while the lowest proportion gave the top rating for facility cleanliness (21.7%). In an adjusted analysis, people who experienced the highest level of health system responsiveness were significantly more likely to report excellent QOC compared to those who did not (aPR 8.61, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 7.50, 9.89). In the adjusted model, urban-dwelling individuals were less likely to report excellent quality compared to rural-dwelling individuals (aPR 0.88, 95% CI: 0.78, 0.99). People who saw community health workers (aPR 1.37, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.67) and specialists (aPR 1.30, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.50) were more likely to report excellent quality than those who saw primary care providers. High perceived respect from the provider or staff was most highly associated with excellent ratings of quality, while ratings of wait time corresponded the least. Patient-reported QOC is low in four LMICs, even among a well-educated, young population of internet users. Better health system responsiveness may be associated with better ratings of care quality. Improving person-centered care will be an important component of building high-quality health systems in these LMICs.
| S-EPMC8519224 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) assess disability and progress toward functional goals while promoting patient-centered practice. They can be used by health professionals in any specialty and in a multitude of settings. This study reviews implementation strategies and lessons learned in a capacity-building program that took place with pediatric physiotherapists in Rwanda. METHODS:Use of PROMs and patient-centered practice were integrated into 4 consecutive continuing professional development courses offered to 164 participants in Rwanda. We sought to identify a simple generic measure with proven validity in cross-cultural settings. The Patient-Specific Functional Scale was chosen due to its ease of use and ability to measure change in a wide range of patient conditions. Didactic classroom training and clinical site visits were 2 essential pedagogical elements of the capacity-building strategy. Site visits allowed for evaluation of skill levels and facilitation of knowledge transfer to patient care settings. Unique pairs of Rwandan colleagues were trained to serve as coteachers in each course to maximize sustainability of new techniques. This study presents data on a subset of 65 participants who completed a 48-hour pediatric rehabilitation course. RESULTS:After classroom instruction, 78% of participants were observed independently determining functional limitations with their patients. Additionally, pre- and post-tests indicated that therapists substantially increased their understanding of patient-centered practice after attending courses. Interviews conducted 26 months after the conclusion of the project revealed mixed success in sustainability of the use of PROMs, although perceived confidence remained high. CONCLUSION:Challenges in long-term sustainability of new practices call attention to the need to target not only clinicians when introducing new methodologies, but also the Ministry of Health, hospital administration, and university faculty. Lessons learned from this study may be useful to other medical professionals planning capacity-building programs in low- and middle-income countries.
| S-EPMC7541114 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundElectronic health records are now widely adopted in medical and behavioral health settings. While they have the potential to improve the quality of care, the research findings on their impact on clinical practice and outcomes have been mixed. This study explores how the electronic health record and its stage of development influenced the implementation of person-centered care planning in community mental health clinics.MethodsThe study was set in five community mental health clinics which utilized an EHR and had been trained in person-centered care planning. Using an objective quantitative measure of fidelity, the study examined fidelity to PCCP across time and by stage of EHR development. Data from focus groups, interviews with clinic leaders and consultant reports was analyzed to explore the process of implementation and the role of the electronic health record.ResultsAll clinics demonstrated an overall increase in PCCP fidelity at the conclusion of the study period but there were significant differences in PCCP fidelity among clinics with EHRs in different stages of development. Electronic health records emerged as a significant implementation factor in the qualitative data with clinics being unable to individualize service plans and encountering technical difficulties. Barriers to person-centered care included drop-down boxes and pre-determined outcomes. Clinic responses included customizing their record or developing workarounds.ConclusionsThe study demonstrated the need to align the electronic health record with a person-centered approach which includes individualizing information and orienting service plans to personal life goals. The ability of clinics to be able to customize their records and balance the need for unique and aggregate information in the record is critical to improve both the provider experience and the quality of care.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov , NCT02299492 , registered on November 24, 2014.
| S-EPMC6704707 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Stroke service delivery in rural areas in Australia lacks evidence-based, best practice care protocols as a result of limited resources and opportunity. Healthcare redesign is an approach to improving health services by understanding barriers and enablers to service provision and work with users to develop solutions for improvement. This research aimed to qualitatively evaluate stroke care in rural Tasmania using a person-centered approach, as part of a larger healthcare redesign initiative to improve acute stroke care. Semi-structured interviews, aimed at gaining insight into experiences of healthcare staff and users, were conducted. Thematic analysis revealed three global themes (communication, holistic care, and resourcing) that demonstrated some consistency between healthcare staff and user experience, highlighting that some needs and expectations were not being met. Results of this experiential study provide important perspectives for delivering needs-based improvements in service provision for acute stroke care. Overall, this study showed that systems of stroke care in rural areas could be improved by utilizing a redesign approach including healthcare staff and users in the development of solutions for health service improvement.
| S-EPMC9864304 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Patient-reported measure (PRM) questionnaires were originally used in research to measure outcomes of intervention studies. They have now evolved into a diverse family of tools measuring a range of constructs including quality of life and experiences of care. Current health and social care policy increasingly advocates their use for embedding the patient voice into service redesign through new models of care such as person-centered coordinated care (P3C). If chosen carefully and used efficiently, these tools can help improve care delivery through a variety of novel ways, including system-level feedback for health care management and commissioning. Support and guidance on how to use these tools would be critical to achieve these goals. OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to develop evidence-based guidance and support for the use of P3C-PRMs in health and social care policy through identification of PRMs that can be used to enhance the development of P3C, mapping P3C-PRMs against an existing model of domains of P3C, and integration and organization of the information in a user-friendly Web-based database. METHODS:A pragmatic approach was used for the systematic identification of candidate P3C-PRMs, which aimed at balancing comprehensiveness and feasibility. This utilized a number of resources, including existing compendiums, peer-reviewed and gray literature (using a flexible search strategy), and stakeholder engagement (which included guidance for relevant clinical areas). A subset of those candidate measures (meeting prespecified eligibility criteria) was then mapped against a theoretical model of P3C, facilitating classification of the construct being measured and the subsequent generation of shortlists for generic P3C measures, specific aspects of P3C (eg, communication or decision making), and condition-specific measures (eg, diabetes, cancer) in priority areas, as highlighted by stakeholders. RESULTS:In total, 328 P3C-PRMs were identified, which were used to populate a freely available Web-based database. Of these, 63 P3C-PRMs met the eligibility criteria for shortlisting and were classified according to their measurement constructs and mapped against the theoretical P3C model. We identified tools with the best coverage of P3C, thereby providing evidence of their content validity as outcome measures for new models of care. Transitions and medications were 2 areas currently poorly covered by existing measures. All the information is currently available at a user-friendly web-based portal (p3c.org.uk), which includes all relevant information on each measure, such as the constructs targeted and links to relevant literature, in addition to shortlists according to relevant constructs. CONCLUSIONS:A detailed compendium of P3C-PRMs has been developed using a pragmatic systematic approach supported by stakeholder engagement. Our user-friendly suite of tools is designed to act as a portal to the world of PRMs for P3C, and have utility for a broad audience, including (but not limited to) health care commissioners, managers, and researchers.
| S-EPMC5830608 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PURPOSE:Perceived fatigability, reflective of changes in fatigue intensity in the context of activity, has emerged as a potentially important clinical outcome and quality of life indicator. Unfortunately, the nature of perceived fatigability is not well characterized. The aim of this study is to define the characteristics of fatigability through the development of a conceptual model informed by input from key stakeholders who experience fatigability, including the general population, individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS), and individuals with fibromyalgia (FM). METHODS:Thirteen focus groups were conducted with 101 participants; five groups with n?=?44 individuals representing the general population, four groups with n?=?26 individuals with MS, and four groups with n?=?31 individuals with FM. Focus group data were qualitatively analyzed to identify major themes in the participants' characterizations of perceived fatigability. RESULTS:Seven major themes were identified: general fatigability, physical fatigability, mental fatigability, emotional fatigability, moderators of fatigability, proactive and reactive behaviors, and temporal aspects of fatigability. Relative to those in the general sample, FM or MS groups more often described experiencing fatigue as a result of cognitive activity, use of proactive behaviors to manage fatigability, and sensory stimulation as exacerbating fatigability. CONCLUSIONS:Fatigability is the complex and dynamic process of the development of physical, mental, and/or emotional fatigue. Trait- and state-like biological, psychological, social, and environmental moderators contribute to tremendous variability in fatigability (both between and within-person variability). Future research to further characterize fatigability across populations, test treatments for fatigability, and develop new measures of this construct are greatly needed.
| S-EPMC7395299 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Research pertaining to STEM interest and persistence continues to be a top priority in the educational research arena. The current study employed a person-centered approach to examine the impact of math self-efficacy and various distal predictors, such as individuals' demographic information, beliefs about math, and social group identification, on STEM interest and intentions. Specifically, we conducted a latent profile analysis (LPA), thereby inferring three homogeneous subgroups of individuals or latent classes from their response patterns on the 18-item sources of math self-efficacy measure. Our analyses showed that individuals' ethnicity, implicit theories of math ability, and other group orientation were predictive of class membership (Mastery, Moderate, and Unconfident). We also found that there were significant differences in interest in STEM subjects, interest in STEM activities, individuals' majors, and retention grade point average across the three latent classes. Our findings support the importance of math self-efficacy in choice of major as well as overall academic performance regardless of whether a student is in a STEM field or a non-STEM field.
| S-EPMC6206556 | biostudies-literature