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Periosteal CD68⁺ F4/80⁺ Macrophages Are Mechanosensitive for Cortical Bone Formation by Secretion and Activation of TGF-β1.

ABSTRACT: Mechanical force regulates bone density, modeling, and homeostasis. Substantial periosteal bone formation is generated by external mechanical stimuli, yet its mechanism is poorly understood. Here, it is shown that myeloid-lineage cells differentiate into subgroups and regulate periosteal bone formation in response to mechanical loading. Mechanical loading on tibiae significantly increases the number of periosteal myeloid-lineage cells and the levels of active transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), resulting in cortical bone formation. Knockout of Tgfb1 in myeloid-lineage cells attenuates mechanical loading-induced periosteal bone formation in mice. Moreover, CD68⁺ F4/80⁺ macrophages, a subtype of myeloid-lineage cells, express and activate TGF-β1 for recruitment of osteoprogenitors. Particularly, mechanical loading induces the differentiation of periosteal CD68⁺ F4/80^- myeloid-lineage cells to the CD68⁺ F4/80⁺ macrophages via signaling of piezo-type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1 (Piezo1) for TGF-β1 secretion. Importantly, CD68⁺ F4/80⁺ macrophages activate TGF-β1 by expression and secretion of thrombospondin-1 (Thbs1). Administration of Thbs1 inhibitor significantly impairs loading-induced TGF-β activation and recruitment of osteoprogenitors in the periosteum. The results suggest that periosteal myeloid-lineage cells respond to mechanical forces and consequently produce and activate TGF-β1 for periosteal bone formation.

SUBMITTER: Deng R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8787385 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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