Dataset Information

Diguanylate Cyclase and Phosphodiesterase Interact To Maintain the Specificity of Cyclic di-GMP Signaling in the Regulation of Antibiotic Synthesis in Lysobacter enzymogenes.

ABSTRACT: Cyclic dimeric GMP (c-di-GMP) is a universal second messenger in bacteria. A large number of c-di-GMP-related diguanylate cyclases (DGCs), phosphodiesterases (PDEs), and effectors are responsible for the complexity and dynamics of c-di-GMP signaling. Some of these components employ various methods to avoid undesired cross talk to maintain signaling specificity. The synthesis of the antibiotic HSAF (heat-stable antifungal factor) in Lysobacter enzymogenes is regulated by a specific c-di-GMP signaling pathway that includes a PDE, LchP, and a c-di-GMP effector, Clp (also a transcriptional regulator). In the present study, from among 19 DGCs, we identified a diguanylate cyclase, LchD, that participates in this pathway. Subsequent investigation indicates that LchD and LchP physically interact and that the catalytic center of LchD is required for both the formation of the LchD-LchP complex and HSAF production. All the detected phenotypes support that LchD and LchP display local c-di-GMP signaling to regulate HSAF biosynthesis. Although direct evidence is lacking, our investigation, which shows that the interaction between a DGC and a PDE maintains the specificity of c-di-GMP signaling, suggests the possibility of the existence of local c-di-GMP pools in bacteria. IMPORTANCE Cyclic dimeric GMP (c-di-GMP) is a universal second messenger in bacteria. The signaling of c-di-GMP is complex and dynamic, and it is mediated by a large number of components, including c-di-GMP synthases (diguanylate cyclases [DGCs]), c-di-GMP-degrading enzymes (phosphodiesterases [PDEs]), and c-di-GMP effectors. These components deploy various methods to avoid undesired cross talk to maintain signaling specificity. In the present study, we identified a DGC that interacted with a PDE to specifically regulate antibiotic biosynthesis in L. enzymogenes. We provide direct evidence to show that the DGC and PDE form a complex and also indirect evidence to argue that they may balance a local c-di-GMP pool to control antibiotic production. These results represent an important finding regarding the mechanism of a DGC and PDE pair to control the expression of specific c-di-GMP signaling pathways.

SUBMITTER: Xu G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8788788 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Similar Datasets

Project description:Bacillus subtilis contains two known cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP)-dependent receptors, YdaK and DgrA, as well as three diguanylate cyclases (DGCs): soluble DgcP and membrane-integral DgcK and DgcW. DgrA regulates motility, while YdaK is responsible for the formation of a putative exopolysaccharide, dependent on the activity of DgcK. Using single-molecule tracking, we show that a majority of DgcK molecules are statically positioned in the cell membrane but significantly less so in the absence of YdaK but more so upon overproduction of YdaK. The soluble domains of DgcK and of YdaK show a direct interaction in vitro, which depends on an intact I-site within the degenerated GGDEF domain of YdaK. These experiments suggest a direct handover of a second messenger at a single subcellular site. Interestingly, all three DGC proteins contribute toward downregulation of motility via the PilZ protein DgrA. Deletion of dgrA also affects the mobility of DgcK within the membrane and also that of DgcP, which arrests less often at the membrane in the absence of DgrA. Both, DgcK and DgcP interact with DgrA in vitro, showing that divergent as well as convergent direct connections exist between cyclases and their effector proteins. Automated determination of molecule numbers in live cells revealed that DgcK and DgcP are present at very low copy numbers of 6 or 25 per cell, respectively, such that for DgcK, a part of the cell population does not contain any DgcK molecule, rendering signaling via c-di-GMP extremely efficient.IMPORTANCE Second messengers are free to diffuse through the cells and to activate all responsive elements. Cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) signaling plays an important role in the determination of the life style transition between motility and sessility/biofilm formation but involves numerous distinct synthetases (diguanylate cyclases [DGCs]) or receptor pathways that appear to act in an independent manner. Using Bacillus subtilis as a model organism, we show that for two c-di-GMP pathways, DGCs and receptor molecules operate via direct interactions, where a synthesized dinucleotide appears to be directly used for the protein-protein interaction. We show that very few DGC molecules exist within cells; in the case of exopolysaccharide (EPS) formation via membrane protein DgcK, the DGC molecules act at a single site, setting up a single signaling pool within the cell membrane. Using single-molecule tracking, we show that the soluble DGC DgcP arrests at the cell membrane, interacting with its receptor, DgrA, which slows down motility. DgrA also directly binds to DgcK, showing that divergent as well as convergent modules exist in B. subtilis Thus, local-pool signal transduction operates extremely efficiently and specifically.

Dataset Information

Diguanylate Cyclase and Phosphodiesterase Interact To Maintain the Specificity of Cyclic di-GMP Signaling in the Regulation of Antibiotic Synthesis in Lysobacter enzymogenes.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets