Omicron neutralising antibodies after third COVID-19 vaccine dose in patients with cancer.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Fendler A
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8789238 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Mar
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Omicron neutralising antibodies after third COVID-19 vaccine dose in patients with cancer.
Fendler Annika A Shepherd Scott T C STC Au Lewis L Wu Mary M Harvey Ruth R Schmitt Andreas M AM Tippu Zayd Z Shum Benjamin B Farag Sheima S Rogiers Aljosja A Carlyle Eleanor E Edmonds Kim K Del Rosario Lyra L Lingard Karla K Mangwende Mary M Holt Lucy L Ahmod Hamid H Korteweg Justine J Foley Tara T Barber Taja T Emslie-Henry Andrea A Caulfield-Lynch Niamh N Byrne Fiona F Deng Daqi D Kjaer Svend S Song Ok-Ryul OR Queval Christophe C Kavanagh Caitlin C Wall Emma C EC Carr Edward J EJ Caidan Simon S Gavrielides Mike M MacRae James I JI Kelly Gavin G Peat Kema K Kelly Denise D Murra Aida A Kelly Kayleigh K O'Flaherty Molly M Shea Robyn L RL Gardner Gail G Murray Darren D Yousaf Nadia N Jhanji Shaman S Tatham Kate K Cunningham David D Van As Nicholas N Young Kate K Furness Andrew J S AJS Pickering Lisa L Beale Rupert R Swanton Charles C Gandhi Sonia S Gamblin Steve S Bauer David L V DLV Kassiotis George G Howell Michael M Nicholson Emma E Walker Susanna S Larkin James J Turajlic Samra S
Lancet (London, England) 20220125 10328
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| S-EPMC8776276 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background While evaluating COVID-19 vaccine responses using a rapid neutralizing antibody (NAb) test, we observed that 25% of mRNA vaccine recipients did not neutralize >50%. We termed this group “vaccine poor responders” (VPRs). The objective of this study was to determine if individuals who neutralized <50% would remain VPRs, or if a third dose would elicit high levels of NAbs. Methods 269 healthy individuals ranging in age from 19 to 80 (Average age = 51; 165 females and 104 males) who received either BNT162b2 (Pfizer) or mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccines were evaluated. NAb levels were measured: (i) 2–4 weeks after a second vaccine dose, (ii) 2–4 months after the second dose, (iii) within 1–2 weeks prior to a third dose and (iv) 2–4 weeks after a third mRNA vaccine dose. Results Analysis of vaccine recipients reveals that 25% did not neutralize above 50% (Median neutralization = 21%, titers <1:80) within a month after their second dose. Twenty-three of these VPRs obtained a third dose of either BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccine 1–8 months (average = 5 months) after their second dose. Within a month after their third dose, VPRs show an average 5.4-fold increase in NAb levels (range: 46–99%). Conclusions The results suggest that VPRs are not permanently poor responders; they can generate high NAb levels with an additional vaccine dose. Although it is not known what levels of NAbs protect from infection or disease, those in high-risk professions may wish to keep peripheral NAb levels high, limiting infection, and potential transmission. Plain language summary Neutralizing antibodies are proteins used by the immune system to respond to viruses and other infectious agents. Vaccination against COVID-19 induces production of neutralizing antibodies that stop virus from infecting cells. We measured levels of neutralizing antibodies in a drop of blood after 2 doses of vaccines distributed by Pfizer and BioNTech or Moderna (COMIRNATY and Spikevax). Twenty-five percent of vaccine recipients did not make high levels of neutralizing antibodies. After receiving a third dose of vaccine, most of these vaccine recipients made high levels of neutralizing antibodies. Our data suggest a third dose is important for vaccine recipients that did not generate high neutralizing antibody levels after 2 doses of vaccine and thus might be an important component of a successful vaccination strategy. Lake, Roeder et al. measured neutralizing antibody responses after 2 and 3 doses of mRNA COVID vaccination. Recipients who did not generate strong neutralizing antibody responses after 2 vaccine doses were found to have high levels of neutralizing antibodies after a third vaccine dose.
| S-EPMC9273613 | biostudies-literature
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| S-EPMC8769665 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Two COVID-19 mRNA (of BNT162b2, mRNA-1273) and two adenovirus vector vaccines (ChAdOx1 and Janssen) are licensed in Europe, but optimization of regime and dosing is still ongoing. Here we show in health care workers (n = 328) that two doses of BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, or a combination of ChAdOx1 adenovirus vector and mRNA vaccines administrated with a long 12-week dose interval induce equally high levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies and neutralizing antibodies against D614 and Delta variant. By contrast, two doses of BNT162b2 with a short 3-week interval induce 2-3-fold lower titers of neutralizing antibodies than those from the 12-week interval, yet a third BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 booster dose increases the antibody levels 4-fold compared to the levels after the second dose, as well as induces neutralizing antibody against Omicron BA.1 variant. Our data thus indicates that a third COVID-19 mRNA vaccine may induce cross-protective neutralizing antibodies against multiple variants.
| S-EPMC9072399 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionThe prime-boost COVID-19 mRNA vaccination strategy has proven to be effective against severe COVID-19 disease and death. However, concerns have been raised due to decreasing neutralizing antibody levels after COVID-19 vaccination and due to the emergence of new immuno-evasive SARS-CoV-2 variants that may require additional booster vaccinations.MethodsIn this study, we analyzed the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses against the Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 subvariants in Finnish healthcare workers (HCWs) vaccinated with three doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. We used enzyme immunoassay and microneutralization test to analyze the levels of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies in the sera of the vaccinees and the in vitro neutralization capacity of the sera. Activation induced marker assay together with flow cytometry and extracellular cytokine analysis was used to determine responses in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein stimulated PBMCs.ResultsHere we show that within the HCWs, the third mRNA vaccine dose recalls both humoral and T cell-mediated immune responses and induces high levels of neutralizing antibodies against Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 variants. Three weeks after the third vaccine dose, SARS-CoV-2 wild type spike protein-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are observed in 82% and 71% of HCWs, respectively, and the T cells cross-recognize both Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 spike peptides. Although the levels of neutralizing antibodies against Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 decline 2.5 to 3.8-fold three months after the third dose, memory CD4+ T cell responses are maintained for at least eight months post the second dose and three months post the third vaccine dose.DiscussionWe show that after the administration of the third mRNA vaccine dose the levels of both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses are effectively activated, and the levels of the spike-specific antibodies are further elevated compared to the levels after the second vaccine dose. Even though at three months after the third vaccine dose antibody levels in sera decrease at a similar rate as after the second vaccine dose, the levels of spike-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells remain relatively stable. Additionally, the T cells retain efficiency in cross-recognizing spike protein peptide pools derived from Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 subvariants. Altogether our results suggest durable cellmediated immunity and protection against SARS-CoV-2.
| S-EPMC9899862 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To compare the effects of different types of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in booster immunization, this study established a population cohort vaccinated with inactivated vaccine and protein subunit vaccine as the third booster vaccine, respectively. We collected serum and PBMC samples from participants in chronological order, and performed a systematic review of distinct antibody signatures and microtranscriptomics to provide data support for booster immunization.
2022-10-19 | GSE206023 | GEO
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC8360704 | biostudies-literature
Project description:COVID-19 vaccination is the most effective approach to prevent severe disease and death. Inactivated vaccines are the most accessible type of COVID-19 vaccines in the developing countries. Several studies, including work from our group, have demonstrated that the third (booster) dose of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine induces robust humoral and cellular immune responses. The aim of this study was to examine miRNA expression profile in participants received a homogenous third dose of the CoronaVac vaccine.
2024-04-01 | GSE249050 | GEO
Project description:We have reported that IgG antibody responses following two mRNA COVID-19 vaccinations are impaired among patients with multiple myeloma (MM). In the current study, sixty-seven patients with MM were tested for anti-spike IgG antibodies 0-60 days prior to their first vaccination, 14-28 days following the second dose, and both before and 14-28 days after their third dose of the mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2 vaccines. After the first two doses, most patients' (93 %) antibody levels declined to ineffective levels (<250 BAU/mL) prior to their third dose (D3). D3 elicited responses in 84 % of patients (61 % full response and 22 % partial response). The third vaccination increased antibody levels (average = 370.4 BAU/mL; range, 1.0-8977.3 BAU/mL) relative to just prior to D3 (average = 25.0 BAU/mL; range, 1.0-683.8 BAU/mL) and achieved higher levels than peak levels after the first two doses (average = 144.8 BAU/mL; range, 1.0-4,284.1 BAU/mL). D3 response positively correlated with mRNA-1273, a > 10-fold change from baseline for the two-dose series, switching from BNT162b2 to mRNA-1273 for D3, and treatment with elotuzumab and an immunomodulatory agent. Lower antibody levels prior to D3, poorer overall response to first two doses, and ruxolitinib or anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody treatment negatively correlated with D3 response. Our results show encouraging activity of the third vaccine, even among patients who failed to respond to the first two vaccinations. The finding of specific factors that predict COVID-19 antibody levels will help advise patients and healthcare professionals on the likelihood of responses to further vaccinations.
| S-EPMC9744558 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and aimsCirrhosis is associated with immune dysregulation and hypo-responsiveness to several vaccines including against COVID-19. Our aim was to study the association of the receipt of three doses of either the Pfizer BNT162b2 mRNA or Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccines in patients with cirrhosis, compared to a propensity-matched control group of patients at similar risk of infection who received two doses.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of patients with cirrhosis who received two or three doses of a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine at the Veterans Health Administration. Participants who received three doses of the vaccine (n=13,041) were propensity matched with 13,041 controls who received two doses, and studied between July 18, 2021 and February 11, 2022, when B.1.617.2 (Delta) and B.1.1.529 (Omicron) were the predominant variants. Outcomes were aggregated as all cases with COVID-19, symptomatic COVD-19, with at least moderate COVID-19, or severe or critical COVID-19.ResultsReceipt of the third dose of a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine was associated with an 80.7% reduction COVID-19 (95% CI 39.2-89.1, p<0.001), 80.4% reduction in symptomatic COVID-19, 80% reduction in moderate/ severe or critical COVID-19, (95% CI 34.5-87.6%, p=0.005), 100% reduction in severe or critical COVID-19 (95% CI 99.2-100.0, p=0.01), and a 100% reduction in COVID-19-related death (95% CI 99.8-100.0, p=0.007). The magnitude of reduction in COVID-19 was greater with the third dose of BNT 162b2 than mRNA-1273 and among participants with compensated than decompensated cirrhosis.ConclusionsAdministration of a third dose of a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine was associated with a more significant reduction in COVID-19 in cirrhosis than reported in the general population, suggesting that the third dose can overcome vaccine hyporesponsiveness in this population.Lay summaryCirrhosis is associated with decreased responsiveness to several vaccines, including against COVID-19. In this study of 26,082 participants with cirrhosis during the delta and omicron surge, receipt of the third dose of the vaccine was associated with 80% reduction in COVID-19, 100% reduction in severe/critical COVID-19, and 100% reduction in COVID-19-related death. The findings support the third dose of mRNA vaccine among patients with cirrhosis.
| S-EPMC9519143 | biostudies-literature