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Differences and Similarities in Motives to Decrease Drinking, and to Drink in General Between Former and Current Heavy Drinkers-Implications for Changing Own Drinking Behaviour.

ABSTRACT: The evidence on why people initiate or cease drinking is vast; however, little is known regarding why people change their frequency and amount of drinking from intense (heavy or dependent drinking) to recreational (with little risk). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate how drinking motives and motives to decrease drinking differ between former heavy drinkers (problematic and dependent), current dependent, and current recreational drinkers. Data were obtained from four groups of individuals (n = 263) using alcohol with different severity. The participants were Polish young adults aged between 18 and 35 years. About 53% of the sample were women. The Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) was used to assess the level of drinking; the Drinking Motive Questionnaire-Revised Short Form (DMQ-R SF) was used to assess drinking motives (social, coping, enhancement, and conformity). The reasons for abstaining and limiting drinking (RALD) instrument was used to assess the RALD. Additionally, a set of questions regarding motives to decrease drinking were analysed. The results show that differences were observed between the investigated groups: the current dependent group scored significantly higher on all the dimensions of drinking motives than the current low-risk group and significantly higher on coping, social, and enhancement motives than former heavy drinkers (both groups). The two groups of former heavy drinkers did not differ from each other on drinking motives. The investigated groups differed on the motives to reduce drinking-low-risk users scored the lowest on all the motives, whereas current dependent-the highest. The differences in motives to decrease drinking between current-depended and former heavy drinkers indicate which motives can be associated with the prevention strategies, programmes, and therapeutic approaches.

SUBMITTER: Rowicka M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8789672 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Background: Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is the most common disorder of prolonged drinking. Mechanisms underlying cirrhosis in such patients remain unclear. MicroRNAs play regulatory role in several diseases, are affected by alcohol and may be important players in alcohol use disorders, such as cirrhosis. Methods: We investigated serum samples from heavy chronic alcohol users (80 g/day (male) and 50 g/day (female) for ≥10 years) that were available from our previously reported GenomALC study. A subset of GenomALC drinkers with liver cirrhosis (cases, n = 24) and those without significant liver disease (drinking controls, n = 23) were included. Global microRNA profiling was performed using high-throughput real-time quantitative PCR to identify the microRNA signatures associated with cirrhosis. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software was utilized to identify target mRNAs of significantly altered microRNAs, and molecular pathways were analysed. Identified microRNAs were analysed for correlation with traditional liver disease biomarkers and risk gene variants previously reported from GenomALC genome-wide association study. Results: The expression of 21 microRNAs was significantly downregulated in cases compared to drinking controls (p < 0.05, ∆∆Ct > 1.5-fold). Seven microRNAs (miR-16, miR-19a, miR-27a, miR-29b, miR-101, miR-130a, and miR-191) had a highly significant correlation (p < 0.001) with INR, bilirubin and MELD score. Three microRNAs (miR-27a, miR-130a and miR-191) significantly predicted cases with AUC-ROC 0.8, 0.78 and 0.85, respectively (p < 0.020); however, INR performed best (0.97, p < 0.001). A different set of six microRNAs (miR-19a, miR-26a, miR-101, miR-151-3p, miR-221, and miR-301) showed positive correlation (ranging from 0.32 to 0.51, p < 0.05) with rs10433937:HSD17B13 gene variant, associated with the risk of cirrhosis. IPA analysis revealed mRNA targets of the significantly altered microRNAs associated with cell death/necrosis, fibrosis and increased steatosis, particularly triglyceride metabolism. Conclusions: MicroRNA signatures in drinkers distinguished those with liver cirrhosis from drinkers without liver disease. We identified mRNA targets in liver functions that were enriched for disease pathogenesis pathways.

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Differences and Similarities in Motives to Decrease Drinking, and to Drink in General Between Former and Current Heavy Drinkers-Implications for Changing Own Drinking Behaviour.

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