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Pickering emulsion prepared by nano-silica particles - A comparative study for exploring the effect of various mechanical methods.

ABSTRACT: Pickering emulsions are eco-friendly, stabilized by solid particles, and have an essential role in leading industries. Although Pickering emulations have found several applications, surprisingly few investigations have attempted to explore the effectiveness of various mechanical processes for its production. To fill these gaps, the present investigation comprehensively examined the application of various Pickering emulsion preparation processes such as rotor-stator homogenization emulsification (R-SH), ultrasonic emulsification, and their combined processes by using nano-silica particles. The influences of emulsification time and intensity on emulsion droplets' distribution were analyzed as indicative factors. The kerosene/water nano-silica Pickering emulsion was utilized for all assessments. The obtained results demonstrated that the main distribution peak of the emulsion prepared by R-SH occurred where the chord length was greater than 40 μm. Micro-scale nano-silica-aggregates generated large droplets, while the fine-emulsion fraction was significantly increased after ultrasonic treatment. The experimental results showed that the emulsion prepared only by ultrasound needed substantial power to form a Pickering emulsion since the oil phase was difficult to disperse in the water phase. Finally, it was concluded that preprocessing by R-SH could form a stable and uniform emulsion speedily, which is essential for ultrasound emulsion preparation.

SUBMITTER: Gao J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8790493 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Colloidal Particles for Pickering Emulsion Stabilization Prepared via Antisolvent Precipitation of Lignin-Rich Cocoa Shell Extract.

Project description:This study concerns the preparation and functionality testing of a new class of Pickering particles for food emulsion stabilization: colloidal lignin-rich particles (CLRPs) derived from ethanol-soluble extract of cocoa shell. A further goal was to achieve Pickering functionality without the need to add co-emulsifying surfactants during emulsion processing. Cocoa shell is a co-product of the food manufacturing industry. As such it is anticipated that the particles would be accepted as a natural food ingredient, provided no harmful solvents are used in any step of their processing. The cocoa shell particles were milled, dispersed in water and exposed to 250 °C for 1 h in a stainless-steel tubular reactor followed by ethanol extraction to obtain a lignin-rich extract (46% (w/w) lignin with the remainder predominantly lipids). CLRPs were then fabricated by the precipitation of ethanol-dissolved extract into water (antisolvent). By employing an agitated process and droplet dosing into a non-agitated process, four particle suspensions of a range of submicron diameters were obtained. All particle suspensions contained the same mass fraction of extract and were surface active, with surface tension decreasing with increasing particle size. The smallest particles were obtained when lipids were removed from the extract prior to particle processing. In contrast to the other four particle suspensions, this one failed to stabilize a 10% (w/w) sunflower oil-in-water emulsion. We hypothesize that the phospholipids indigenously present in these CLRP formulations are a critical component for Pickering functionality. It can be concluded that we have successfully introduced a new class of Pickering particles, fabricated from an industry co-product and anticipated to be food grade.

| S-EPMC7914710 | biostudies-literature

Pickering Particles Prepared from Food Waste.

Project description:In this paper, we demonstrate the functionality and functionalisation of waste particles as an emulsifier for oil-in-water (o/w) and water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions. Ground coffee waste was chosen as a candidate waste material due to its naturally high content of lignin, a chemical component imparting emulsifying ability. The waste coffee particles readily stabilised o/w emulsions and following hydrothermal treatment adapted from the bioenergy field they also stabilised w/o emulsions. The hydrothermal treatment relocated the lignin component of the cell walls within the coffee particles onto the particle surface thereby increasing the surface hydrophobicity of the particles as demonstrated by an emulsion assay. Emulsion droplet sizes were comparable to those found in processed foods in the case of hydrophilic waste coffee particles stabilizing o/w emulsions. These emulsions were stable against coalescence for at least 12 weeks, flocculated but stable against coalescence in shear and stable to pasteurisation conditions (10 min at 80 °C). Emulsion droplet size was also insensitive to pH of the aqueous phase during preparation (pH 3-pH 9). Stable against coalescence, the water droplets in w/o emulsions prepared with hydrothermally treated waste coffee particles were considerably larger and microscopic examination showed evidence of arrested coalescence indicative of particle jamming at the surface of the emulsion droplets. Refinement of the hydrothermal treatment and broadening out to other lignin-rich plant or plant based food waste material are promising routes to bring closer the development of commercially relevant lignin based food Pickering particles applicable to emulsion based processed foods ranging from fat continuous spreads and fillings to salad dressings.

| S-EPMC5457084 | biostudies-other

Tuning Amphiphilicity of Particles for Controllable Pickering Emulsion.

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Nano-silica particles synergistically IgE-mediated mast cell activation

Project description:To deeply investigate the details of the nano-SiO2 effects, we examined the gene expression profile alterations after nano-SiO2 treatment in BMMCs. The difference analysis between the groups showed that 285 genes were significantly expressed after treatment with nano-SiO2. Compared with the blank group, both nano-SiO2 exposure and DNP-HSA stimulation increased the expression of genes related to the MAPK signaling pathway in mast cells to varying degrees.

2022-07-05 | GSE206630 | GEO

pH-Responsive Pickering emulsion stabilized by polymer-coated silica nanoaggregates and applied to recyclable interfacial catalysis.

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| S-EPMC9057990 | biostudies-literature

Pickering Interfacial Catalysis-Knoevenagel Condensation in Magnesium Oxide-Stabilized Pickering Emulsion.

Project description:In the present study, a novel catalytic route for the Knoevenagel condensation reaction has been developed by Pickering interfacial catalysis using magnesium oxide (MgO) as both an emulsion stabilizer and a base catalyst. MgO was prepared by the precipitation method using sodium hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide as the precipitating agent and calcined at different temperatures. The calcined samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, AFM, BET, and DLS techniques. The catalytic application of the emulsions stabilized by MgO was investigated for the Knoevenagel condensation reaction of benzaldehyde and its derivatives with malononitrile. All of the reactions were carried out at an ambient temperature (30 °C) under static conditions without stirring. Both the emulsion-stabilizing ability and the catalytic activity of MgO were found to be affected by the method of preparation, calcination temperature, and the nature of the oil phase. It was observed that the method of preparation varied the texture and morphology of MgO and thus the stability and droplet size of the emulsion formed. This was further reflected in the catalytic activity. The highest yield (87%) of the condensation product was obtained with MgO prepared by precipitation using a strong base (NaOH) and further calcined at 400 °C. The developed catalytic system offers several green chemistry advantages such as reusable solid-base catalyst and use of a single material as both emulsion stabilizer and catalyst. Room-temperature reaction under static conditions is an additional advantage of the developed catalytic system.

| S-EPMC7271354 | biostudies-literature

Pickering Emulsion-Based Marbles for Cellular Capsules.

Project description:The biodegradable cellular capsule, being prepared from simple vaporization of liquid marbles, is an ideal vehicle for the potential application of drug encapsulation and release. This paper reports the fabrication of cellular capsules via facile vaporization of Pickering emulsion marbles in an ambient atmosphere. Stable Pickering emulsion (water in oil) was prepared while utilizing dichloromethane (containing poly(l-lactic acid)) and partially hydrophobic silica particles as oil phase and stabilizing agents respectively. Then, the Pickering emulsion marbles were formed by dropping emulsion into a petri dish containing silica particles with a syringe followed by rolling. The cellular capsules were finally obtained after the complete vaporization of both oil and water phases. The technique of scanning electron microscope (SEM) was employed to research the microstructure and surface morphology of the prepared capsules and the results showed the cellular structure as expected. An in vitro drug release test was implemented which showed a sustained release property of the prepared cellular capsules. In addition, the use of biodegradable poly(l-lactic acid) and the biocompatible silica particles also made the fabricated cellular capsules of great potential in the application of sustained drug release.

| S-EPMC5456839 | biostudies-other

Controllable synthesis of raspberry-like PS-SiO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposite particles <i>via</i> Pickering emulsion polymerization.

Project description:This paper presents a simple and controllable method for the synthesis of monodisperse nanometer-sized organic-inorganic raspberry-like polystyrene (PS)-SiO2 nanocomposite particles (NCPs) via Pickering emulsion polymerization, by simply using a silane coupling agent, 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (MPS), as an auxiliary monomer and controlling its hydrolysis/condensation processes and amount. In this method, when MPS was stirred in acidic water with styrene (St) for a period of time, and then a basic silica solution added, raspberry-like PS-SiO2 NCPs were directly obtained after the polymerization. The whole process needs neither surface treatment for the silica particles nor additional surfactants or stabilizers. We propose that a silica-stabilized Pickering emulsion is formed through Si-OH reaction between the hydrolysis/condensation products of MPS distributed on the St droplets surface and the silica particles.

| S-EPMC9077750 | biostudies-literature

An Oligoimide Particle as a Pickering Emulsion Stabilizer.

Project description:A pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and 4,4'-oxydianiline (ODA)-based oligoimide (PMDA-ODA) was synthesized by a one-step procedure using water as a solvent. The PMDA-ODA particles showed excellent partial wetting properties and were stably dispersed in both water and oil phases. A stable dispersion was not obtained with comparison PMDA-ODA particles that were synthesized by a conventional two-step method using an organic solvent. Both oil-in-water and water-in-oil Pickering emulsions were prepared using the oligoimide particles synthesized in water, and the size of the emulsion droplet was controlled based on the oligoimide particle concentration. The oligoimide particles were tested to prepare Pickering emulsions using various kinds of oils. The oil-in-water Pickering emulsions were successfully applied to prepare microcapsules of the emulsion droplets. Our new Pickering emulsion stabilizer has the advantages of easy synthesis, no need for surface modification, and the capability of stabilizing both oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions.

| S-EPMC6403722 | biostudies-literature

Nano-encapsulated PCM via Pickering Emulsification.

Project description:We designed a two-step Pickering emulsification procedure to create nano-encapsulated phase changing materials (NEPCMs) using a method whose simplicity and low energy consumption suggest promise for scale-up and mass production. Surface-modified amphiphilic zirconium phosphate (ZrP) platelets were fabricated as the Pickering emulsifiers, nonadecane was chosen as the core phase change material (PCM), and polystyrene, the shell material. The resultant capsules were submicron in size with remarkable uniformity in size distribution, which has rarely been reported. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) characterization showed that the capsulation efficiency of NEPCMs, and they were found to be thermal stable, as characterized by the DSC data for the sample after 200 thermal cycles. NEPCMs exhibit superior mechanical stability and mobility when compared with the well-developed micro-encapsulated phase change materials (MEPCMs). NEPCMs find useful applications in thermal management, including micro-channel coolants; solar energy storage media; building temperature regulators; and thermal transfer fabrics.

| S-EPMC4538601 | biostudies-literature

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