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Interactions among rooting traits for deep water and nitrogen uptake in upland and lowland ecotypes of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.).

ABSTRACT: The response of plant growth and development to nutrient and water availability is an important adaptation for abiotic stress tolerance. Roots need to intercept both passing nutrients and water while foraging into new soil layers for further resources. Substantial amounts of nitrate can be lost in the field when leaching into groundwater, yet very little is known about how deep rooting affects this process. Here, we phenotyped root system traits and deep 15N nitrate capture across 1.5 m vertical profiles of solid media using tall mesocosms in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), a promising cellulosic bioenergy feedstock. Root and shoot biomass traits, photosynthesis and respiration measures, and nutrient uptake and accumulation traits were quantified in response to a water and nitrate stress factorial experiment for switchgrass upland (VS16) and lowland (AP13) ecotypes. The two switchgrass ecotypes shared common plastic abiotic responses to nitrogen (N) and water availability, and yet had substantial genotypic variation for root and shoot traits. A significant interaction between N and water stress combination treatments for axial and lateral root traits represents a complex and shared root development strategy for stress mitigation. Deep root growth and 15N capture were found to be closely linked to aboveground growth. Together, these results represent the wide genetic pool of switchgrass and show that deep rooting promotes nitrate capture, plant productivity, and sustainability.

SUBMITTER: Griffiths M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8793874 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Analyses of methylomes of upland and lowland switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) ecotypes using MeDIP-seq and BS-seq.

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Project description:Sustainable production of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) as a bioenergy crop hinges in part on efficient use of soil macronutrients, especially nitrogen (N). This study investigated the physiological, metabolic and transcriptomic responses of switchgrass to N limitation. Moderate N limitation marked a tipping point for large changes in plant growth, root-to-shoot ratio, root system architecture and total nitrogen content. Integration of transcriptomic and metabolic data revealed that N limitation reduced switchgrass photosynthetic capacity and carbon(C)-fixation activities. Switchgrass balanced C-fixation with N-assimilation, transport and recycling of N compounds by rerouting C-flux from glycolysis, the oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP) and from the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in an organ specific manner. The energy and reduction power so generated, and C-skeletons appear to be directed towards N uptake, biosynthesis of energy storage compounds with high C/N ratio such as sucrose, non-N-containing lipids, and various branches of secondary metabolism.

2023-12-31 | GSE237286 | GEO

The Genetic Architecture of Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Switchgrass (<i>Panicum virgatum</i> L.).

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Project description:Cell wall recalcitrance is the major challenge to improving saccharification efficiency in converting lignocellulose into biofuels. However, information regarding the transcriptional regulation of secondary cell wall biogenesis remains poor in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), which has been selected as a biofuel crop in the United States. In this study, we present a combination of computational and experimental approaches to develop gene regulatory networks for lignin formation in switchgrass. To screen transcription factors (TFs) involved in lignin biosynthesis, we developed a modified method to perform co-expression network analysis using 14 lignin biosynthesis genes as bait (target) genes. The switchgrass lignin co-expression network was further extended by adding 14 TFs identified in this study, and seven TFs identified in previous studies, as bait genes. Six TFs (PvMYB58/63, PvMYB42/85, PvMYB4, PvWRKY12, PvSND2 and PvSWN2) were targeted to generate overexpressing and/or down-regulated transgenic switchgrass lines. The alteration of lignin content, cell wall composition and/or plant growth in the transgenic plants supported the role of the TFs in controlling secondary wall formation. RNA-seq analysis of four of the transgenic switchgrass lines revealed downstream target genes of the secondary wall-related TFs and crosstalk with other biological pathways. In vitro transactivation assays further confirmed the regulation of specific lignin pathway genes by four of the TFs. Our meta-analysis provides a hierarchical network of TFs and their potential target genes for future manipulation of secondary cell wall formation for lignin modification in switchgrass.

| S-EPMC6381781 | biostudies-literature

QTL mapping of winter dormancy and associated traits in two switchgrass pseudo-F1 populations: lowland x lowland and lowland x upland.

Project description:BackgroundSwitchgrass (Panicum virgatum) undergoes winter dormancy by sensing photoperiod and temperature changes. It transitions to winter dormancy in early fall following at the end of reproduction and exits dormancy in the spring. The duration of the growing season affects the accumulation of biomass and yield. In this study, we conducted QTL mapping of winter dormancy measured by fall regrowth height (FRH) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), spring emergence (SE), and flowering date (FD) in two bi-parental pseudo-F1 populations derived from crosses between the lowland AP13 with the lowland B6 (AB) with 285 progenies, and the lowland B6 with the upland VS16 (BV) with 227 progenies.ResultsWe identified 18 QTLs for FRH, 18 QTLs for NDVI, 21 QTLs for SE, and 30 QTLs for FD. The percent variance explained by these QTLs ranged between 4.21-23.27% for FRH, 4.47-24.06% for NDVI, 4.35-32.77% for SE, and 4.61-29.74% for FD. A higher number of QTL was discovered in the BV population, suggesting more variants in the lowland x upland population contributing to the expression of seasonal dormancy underlying traits. We identified 9 regions of colocalized QTL with possible pleiotropic gene action. The positive correlation between FRH or NDVI with dry biomass weight suggests that winter dormancy duration could affect switchgrass biomass yield. The medium to high heritability levels of FRH (0.55-0.64 H2) and NDVI (0.30-0.61 H2) implies the possibility of using the traits for indirect selection for biomass yield.ConclusionMarkers found within the significant QTL interval can serve as genomic resources for breeding non-dormant and semi-dormant switchgrass cultivars for the southern regions, where growers can benefit from the longer production season.

| S-EPMC7708163 | biostudies-literature

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