Factors associated with baseline smoking self-efficacy among male Qatari residents enrolled in a quit smoking study.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Al Thani M
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8794180 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Thirty percent of all military personnel smoke cigarettes. Because of the negative health consequences and their impact on physical fitness, overall health, and military readiness, the Department of Defense has identified the reduction of tobacco use as a priority of US military forces. This study aims to evaluate the one-year efficacy of a proactive versus reactive smoking quit line in the US military with adjunctive nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) in both groups. This paper reports on the baseline variables of the first 1000 participants randomized, the design, and proposed analysis of the randomized two-arm clinical trial "Efficacy of a Tobacco Quit Line in the Military". Participants are adult smokers who are Armed Forces Active Duty personnel, retirees, Reservist, National Guard and family member healthcare beneficiaries. All participants are randomized to either the Counselor Initiated (proactive) group, receiving 6 counseling sessions in addition to an 8-week supply of NRT, or the Self-Paced (reactive) group, in which they may call the quit line themselves to receive the same counseling sessions, in addition to a 2-week supply of NRT. The primary outcome measure of the study is self-reported smoking abstinence at 1-year follow-up. Results from this study will be the first to provide evidence for the efficacy of an intensive Counselor Initiated quit line with provided NRT in military personnel and could lead to dissemination throughout the US Air Force, the armed forces population as a whole and ultimately to civilian personnel that do not have ready access to preventive health services.
| S-EPMC4521417 | biostudies-literature
Project description:INTRODUCTION:In the U.S., approximately 73% of homeless adults smoke cigarettes and they experience difficulty quitting. Homeless smokers report low self-efficacy to quit and that smoking urges are a barrier to quitting. Self-efficacy to quit and smoking urges are dynamic and change throughout smoking cessation treatment. This study examines changes in self-efficacy to quit and smoking urges throughout a smoking cessation intervention among the homeless and identifies predictors of change in these characteristics. METHODS:Homeless smokers (n=430) participating in a smoking cessation randomized controlled trial in the U.S. completed surveys at baseline, and weeks 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 26 on demographic and smoking characteristics (i.e., confidence to quit, self-efficacy to refrain from smoking, and smoking urges). A growth curve analysis was conducted by modeling change in the smoking characteristics over time and examining the variability in the change in smoking characteristics by demographic characteristics and treatment group. RESULTS:Among the full sample, self-efficacy to refrain from smoking increased linearly over time, confidence to quit increased until the midpoint of treatment but subsequently decreased, and smoking urges decreased until the midpoint of treatment but subsequently increased. There were race differences in these trajectories. Racial minorities experienced significantly greater increases in self-efficacy to refrain from smoking than Whites and Blacks had higher confidence to quit than Whites. CONCLUSIONS:White participants experienced less increase in self-efficacy to refrain from smoking and lower confidence to quit and therefore may be a good target for efforts to increase self-efficacy to quit as part of homeless-targeted smoking cessation interventions. Sustaining high confidence to quit and low smoking urges throughout treatment could be key to promoting higher cessation rates among the homeless.
| S-EPMC5783755 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionYoung adults who smoke cigarettes often report heavy episodic drinking (HED) and co-use of other psychoactive substances which may complicate efforts to quit cigarette smoking. The current study examined factors associated with readiness to quit cigarette smoking among young adults who smoke and engage in HED.MethodsOne hundred seventy-nine young adults aged 18 to 25 who reported regular cigarette smoking and past month HED enrolled in the 90-day Facebook-based Smoking Tobacco and Drinking (STAND) intervention study. Analyses compared baseline differences in patterns of cigarette smoking and alcohol and cannabis use, thoughts about abstinence, use of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), sociodemographic characteristics, and other health behaviors between participants who were ready to quit cigarette smoking in the next 30 days and those who were not.ResultsParticipants were 40.2% female, 49.7% male, 10.1% non-binary, and 80.4% Non-Hispanic White. They reported on average moderate nicotine dependence (FTCD), moderate risk for alcohol use disorder (AUDIT), and occasional or regular cannabis use. Readiness to quit cigarette smoking in the next 30 days (33.5%) was positively associated with age (p = .021), NRT use in the past 30 days (p = .037) and perceived importance to also reduce alcohol use (p = .033).ConclusionsFindings indicate that readiness to quit cigarette smoking among young adults who drink is positively associated with importance to reduce alcohol use, but not with use patterns or levels of dependence. Interventions addressing polysubstance use may be better suited to help young adults reduce or quit cigarette smoking once they signal readiness for behavior change.
| S-EPMC8262102 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveWe aimed to describe the rationalisation beliefs endorsed by Chinese male smokers and to examine the association between rationalisation and the intention to quit.SettingQuestionnaires were conducted among male smokers in three cities (Shanghai, Nanning and Mudanjiang) which represent different geographical locations, economic development levels and legislative status of tobacco control in China.Design and participantsIt was a multicentre cross-sectional survey involved a total of 3710 male smokers over 18 years.Outcome measuresPrimary outcomes were intention to quit, smoking rationalisation scores and sub scores in six dimensions. Smoking rationalisation was assessed using a newly developed Chinese rationalisation scale. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to examine the relationship between rationalisation and intention to quit.ResultsOn average, smokers scored 3.3 out of 5 on the smoking rationalisation scale. With a one point increase in total rationalisation scale, the odds for intention to quit in the next 6 months decreased by 48% (OR=0.52, 95%?CI: 0.44 to 0.61; p<0.001). Separate logistic regressions for six subscales of rationalisation shown consistent inverse associations with intention to quit (all p values <0.001). Believing that smoking was socially acceptable was the strongest predictor (OR=0.62, 95%?CI: 0.55 to 0.71; p<0.001).ConclusionsRationalisation beliefs could be important barriers to smoking cessation. Some beliefs have stronger association with quit intention than others. Eroding rationalisation beliefs endorsed by smokers is a potential strategy for smoking cessation intervention.
| S-EPMC6368028 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on US adults' smoking and quitting behaviors is unclear. We explored the impact of COVID-19 on smoking behaviors, risk perceptions, and reactions to text messages during a statewide stay-at-home advisory among primary care patients who were trying to quit. From May-June 2020, we interviewed smokers enrolled in a 12-week, pilot cessation trial providing text messaging and mailed nicotine replacement medication (NCT04020718). Twenty-two individuals (82% white, mean age 55 years), representing 88% of trial participants during the stay-at-home advisory, completed exit interviews; four (18%) of them reported abstinence. Interviews were thematically analyzed by two coders. COVID-19-induced environmental changes had mixed effects, facilitating quitting for some and impeding quitting for others. While stress increased for many, those who quit found ways to cope with stress. Generally, participants felt at risk for COVID-19 complications but not at increased risk of becoming infected. Reactions to COVID-19 and quitting behaviors differed across age groups, older participants reported difficulties coping with isolation (e.g., feeling disappointed when a text message came from the study and not a live person). Findings suggest that cessation interventions addressing stress and boredom are needed during COVID-19, while smokers experiencing isolation may benefit from live-person supports.
| S-EPMC7908271 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe proportion of smokers making quit attempts and the proportion of smokers successfully quitting have been decreasing over the past few years. Previous studies have shown that smokers with high self-efficacy and motivation to quit have an increased likelihood of quitting and staying quit. Consequently, further research on strategies that can improve the self-efficacy and motivation of smokers seeking to quit could lead to substantially higher cessation rates. Some studies have found that gamification can positively impact the cognitive components of behavioral change, including self-efficacy and motivation. However, the impact of gamification in the context of smoking cessation and mobile health has been sparsely investigated.ObjectiveThis study aims to examine the association between perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and frequency of use of gamification features embedded in smoking cessation apps on self-efficacy and motivation to quit smoking.MethodsParticipants were assigned to use 1 of the 2 mobile apps for a duration of 4 weeks. App-based questionnaires were provided to participants before app use and 2 weeks and 4 weeks after they started using the app. Gamification was quantitatively operationalized based on the Cugelman gamification framework and concepts from the technology acceptance model. The mean values of perceived frequency, ease of use, and usefulness of gamification features were calculated at midstudy and end-study. Two linear regression models were used to investigate the impact of gamification on self-efficacy and motivation to quit.ResultsA total of 116 participants completed the study. The mean self-efficacy increased from 37.38 (SD 13.3) to 42.47 (SD 11.5) points and motivation to quit increased from 5.94 (SD 1.4) to 6.32 (SD 1.7) points after app use. Goal setting was perceived to be the most useful gamification feature, whereas sharing was perceived to be the least useful. Participants self-reported that they used the progress dashboards the most often, whereas they used the sharing feature the least often. The average perceived frequency of gamification features was statistically significantly associated with change in self-efficacy (β=3.35; 95% CI 0.31-6.40) and change in motivation to quit (β=.54; 95% CI 0.15-0.94) between baseline and end-study.ConclusionsGamification embedded in mobile apps can have positive effects on self-efficacy and motivation to quit smoking. The findings of this study can provide important insights for tobacco control policy makers, mobile app developers, and smokers seeking to quit.
| S-EPMC8114162 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Assessing motivation to quit substance use is recommended as part of brief interventions. The purpose of this study was to determine correlates of desire to quit marijuana use among young adult women enrolled in a brief motivational intervention trial.Participants were 332 female marijuana users, aged 18-24, who rated their current desire to quit using a single item change ladder. We hypothesized self-efficacy and prior quit attempts will interact in this population to increase motivation to quit.Participants had a mean age of 20.5 years, 67.7% were non-Hispanic Caucasian, and 60% had some desire to quit marijuana use. Using multivariate linear regression, quit desire was significantly lower among Caucasians (b = -.256; 95% CI -.489; -.037) and more frequent marijuana users (b = -.268; 95% CI -.372; -.166), and higher among those with previous quit attempts (b = .454; 95% CI .235; .671), and greater marijuana problem severity (b = .408; 95% CI .302; .514). Greater refusal self-efficacy was associated with greater quit desire among participants with previous quit attempts, but not among those without prior quit attempts (b = .241; 95% CI .050; .440).Understanding the factors relating to quit desire among marijuana users may allow clinicians to tailor counseling so as to increase readiness to quit and decrease use and its associated consequences.
| S-EPMC4913034 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Numerous studies have assessed individual-level factors associated with intention to quit smoking. However, fewer studies have assessed how neighborhood and built environment also contribute towards individual-level behavior. We used baseline data of 340 Chinese and Vietnamese male daily smokers from August 2015 to November 2017 living in the San Francisco Bay Area, who enrolled in a lifestyle intervention trial. The outcome variable was intention to quit in 30 days. To understand the role of contextual factors participants' residential addresses were geocoded, and neighborhood median income, ethnic composition, and tobacco retail density were computed. Individual level analysis suggested that Vietnamese American men had greater intention to quit smoking (OR = 2.90 CI = 1.59, 5.26) in comparison to Chinese Americans. However, after adding neighborhood level factors to the model, no ethnic group difference was observed. Neighborhood household median income (OR = 0.74, CI = 0.64, 0.86) and tobacco retail counts (OR = 0.79, CI = 0.67, 0.94) were negatively associated with intention to quit. Years lived in the U.S. was the only individual level factor associated with intention to quit. By comparing two Asian American groups that live in heterogeneous neighborhoods, we identify key environmental and policy drivers that are associated with quit intention. Future studies aimed at influencing individual-level behavior should take into consideration the neighborhood context and built environment characteristics.
| S-EPMC7093831 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Introduction:Intensive longitudinal data (ILD) collected with ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) can provide a rich resource for understanding the relations between risk factors and smoking in the time surrounding a cessation attempt. Methods:Participants (N = 142) were smokers seeking treatment at a safety-net hospital smoking cessation clinic who were randomly assigned to receive standard clinic care (ie, counseling and cessation medications) or standard care plus small financial incentives for biochemically confirmed smoking abstinence. Participants completed EMAs via study provided smartphones several times per day for 14 days (1 week prequit through 1 week postquit). EMAs assessed current contextual factors including environmental (eg, easy access to cigarettes, being around others smoking), cognitive (eg, urge to smoke, stress, coping expectancies, cessation motivation, cessation self-efficacy, restlessness), behavioral (ie, recent smoking and alcohol consumption), and affective variables. Temporal relations between risk factors and smoking were assessed using a logistic time-varying effect model. Results:Participants were primarily female (57.8%) and Black (71.8%), with an annual household income of <$20000 per year (71.8%), who smoked 17.6 cigarettes per day (SD = 8.8). Individuals assigned to the financial incentives group had decreased odds of smoking compared with those assigned to usual care beginning 3 days before the quit attempt and continuing throughout the first week postquit. Environmental, cognitive, affective, and behavioral variables had complex time-varying impacts on smoking before and after the scheduled quit attempt. Conclusions:Knowledge of time-varying effects may facilitate the development of interventions that target specific psychosocial and behavioral variables at critical moments in the weeks surrounding a quit attempt. Implications:Previous research has examined time-varying relations between smoking and negative affect, urge to smoke, smoking dependence, and certain smoking cessation therapies. We extend this work using ILD of unexplored variables in a socioeconomically disadvantaged sample of smokers seeking cessation treatment. These findings could be used to inform ecological momentary interventions that deliver treatment resources (eg, video- or text-based content) to individuals based upon critical variables surrounding their attempt.
| S-EPMC6121909 | biostudies-other
Project description:BackgroundSetting a target quit date (TQD) is often an important component in smoking cessation treatment, but ambiguity remains concerning the optimal timing (ie, quitting spontaneously versus delaying to prepare).ObjectiveWe examined four questions about the timing of TQDs and smoking outcomes in secondary analyses of The iQUITT Study, a randomized trial of Internet and telephone treatment for cessation: (1) What are the characteristics of TQDs set using an online interactive quit date tool?, (2) What are the characteristics of individuals who use a quit date tool and do they differ from those who do not?, (3) Are there differences in smoker characteristics, treatment utilization, and cessation outcomes based TQD timing?, and (4) Is maintenance of an initial TQD predictive of abstinence or do changes to TQDs lead to cessation?MethodsA total of 825 adult current cigarette smokers were randomized to enhanced Internet or enhanced Internet plus telephone counseling. Latency to TQD in days was calculated as the date difference between the initial TQD and enhanced Internet registration; prospective TQD setters were stratified into four latency groups (0, 1-14, 15-28, 29+ days). Baseline variables, website utilization, and 3-month cessation outcomes were examined between prospective TQD groups. Desire and confidence to quit, number of TQDs, and website logins were tested as predictors of 30-day point prevalence abstinence (ppa) at 3 months (responder-only analyses). Classification and regression tree (CART) analysis explored interactions among baseline variables, website utilization, and latency to TQD as predictors of 30-day ppa.ResultsThere were few baseline differences between individuals who used the quit date tool and those who did not. Prospective TQDs were set as follows: registration day was 17.1% (73/427), 1-14 days was 37.7% (161/427), 15-28 days was 18.5% (79/427), and 29+ days was 26.7% (114/427). Participants with a TQD within 2 weeks had higher baseline self-efficacy scores but did not differ on smoking variables. Individuals whose TQD was the same day as registration had the highest logins, page views, number of TQDs set using the tool, and messages sent to other members. Logistic regression revealed a significant interaction between number of TQDs and website logins for 30-day ppa (P=.005). Among those with high logins, 41.8% (33/79) with 1 TQD were abstinent versus 25.9% (35/135) with 2+TQDs. Logins and self-efficacy predicted 30-day ppa in the CART model.ConclusionsTQD timing did not predict cessation outcomes in standard or exploratory analyses. Self-efficacy and an apparent commitment to an initial TQD were the components most highly related to abstinence but only via interactions with website utilization. Findings highlight the importance of feeling efficacious about handling specific smoking situations and engaging with treatment. Additional research focused on increasing engagement in Web-based cessation studies is needed.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00282009; http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00282009 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6Kt7NrXDl).
| S-EPMC3958692 | biostudies-literature