Dataset Information

A case report of myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries as the initial presentation of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a multisystem disorder commonly affecting the lung and skin, with cardiovascular involvement found in up to 60% of patients. We present a case of myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) as the initial presentation of EGPA.

Case summary

A 52-year-old female with past medical history of asthma, recurrent sinusitis, and peripheral neuropathy presented to our hospital with chest pain, rash, acute vision loss, elevated troponin, and peripheral eosinophilia. Electrocardiogram showed no ischaemic changes and coronary angiography displayed normal coronary anatomy. On a subsequent visit, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) showed predominant focal anteroseptal and inferoseptal akinesis with focal sub-endocardial delayed enhancement, indicative of a myocardial infarction involving the septal branches of the left anterior descending artery. Due to the focal findings on CMR, peripheral eosinophilia, and rash, the patient was evaluated for EGPA. Rheumatologic workup and skin biopsy were suggestive of small vessel vasculitis. The patient was diagnosed with multi-organ EGPA, involving the coronaries, which was ultimately thought to be the aetiology of her MINOCA. Following steroid and monoclonal antibody therapy, the patient experienced notable improvement in her cardiac function at follow-up appointments.

Discussion

This is a unique case MINOCA as the initial presentation of EGPA. Considering the heterogeneous disease presentation of those diagnosed with MINOCA, utilization of CMR is essential to guide diagnosis and management of such patients.

SUBMITTER: Chatta P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8801049 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundEosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis is an eosinophilic vasculitis. Mepolizumab, an anti-interleukin-5 monoclonal antibody, reduces blood eosinophil counts and may have value in the treatment of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis.MethodsIn this multicenter, double-blind, parallel-group, phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned participants with relapsing or refractory eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis who had received treatment for at least 4 weeks and were taking a stable prednisolone or prednisone dose to receive 300 mg of mepolizumab or placebo, administered subcutaneously every 4 weeks, plus standard care, for 52 weeks. The two primary end points were the accrued weeks of remission over a 52-week period, according to categorical quantification, and the proportion of participants in remission at both week 36 and week 48. Secondary end points included the time to first relapse and the average daily glucocorticoid dose (during weeks 48 through 52). The annualized relapse rate and safety were assessed.ResultsA total of 136 participants underwent randomization, with 68 participants assigned to receive mepolizumab and 68 to receive placebo. Mepolizumab treatment led to significantly more accrued weeks of remission than placebo (28% vs. 3% of the participants had ≥24 weeks of accrued remission; odds ratio, 5.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.68 to 13.03; P<0.001) and a higher percentage of participants in remission at both week 36 and week 48 (32% vs. 3%; odds ratio, 16.74; 95% CI, 3.61 to 77.56; P<0.001). Remission did not occur in 47% of the participants in the mepolizumab group versus 81% of those in the placebo group. The annualized relapse rate was 1.14 in the mepolizumab group, as compared with 2.27 in the placebo group (rate ratio, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.70; P<0.001). A total of 44% of the participants in the mepolizumab group, as compared with 7% of those in the placebo group, had an average daily dose of prednisolone or prednisone of 4.0 mg or less per day during weeks 48 through 52 (odds ratio, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.41; P<0.001). The safety profile of mepolizumab was similar to that observed in previous studies.ConclusionsIn participants with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, mepolizumab resulted in significantly more weeks in remission and a higher proportion of participants in remission than did placebo, thus allowing for reduced glucocorticoid use. Even so, only approximately half the participants treated with mepolizumab had protocol-defined remission. (Funded by GlaxoSmithKline and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02020889 .).