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Association Mapping for Yield Attributing Traits and Yellow Mosaic Disease Resistance in Mung Bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]

ABSTRACT: Mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] is an important short-duration grain legume widely known for its nutritional, soil ameliorative, and cropping system intensification properties. This study aims at evaluating genetic diversity among mung bean genotypes and detecting genomic regions associated with various yield attributing traits and yellow mosaic disease (YMD) resistance by association mapping. A panel of 80 cultivars and advanced breeding lines was evaluated for 10 yield-related and YMD resistance traits during kharif (monsoon) and summer seasons of 2018–2019 and 2019–2020. A total of 164 genome-wide simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were initially screened, out of which 89 were found polymorphic which generated 317 polymorphic alleles with an average of 3.56 alleles per SSR locus. The number of alleles at each locus varied from 2 to 7. The population genetic structure analysis grouped different genotypes in three major clusters and three genetically distinct subpopulations (SPs) (i.e., SP-1, SP-2, and SP-3) with one admixture subpopulation (SP-4). Both cluster and population genetic structure analysis categorized the advanced mung bean genotypes in a single group/SP and the released varieties in other groups/SPs, suggesting that the studied genotypes may have common ancestral history at some level. The population genetic structure was also in agreement with the genetic diversity analysis. The estimate of the average degree of linkage disequilibrium (LD) present at the genome level in 80 mung bean genotypes unveiled significant LD blocks. Over the four seasons, 10 marker-trait associations were observed significant for YMD and four seed yield (SY)-related traits viz., days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height, and number of pods per plant using the mixed linear model (MLM) method. These associations may be useful for marker-assisted mung bean yield improvement programs and YMD resistance.

SUBMITTER: Rohilla V

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8801447 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:IntroductionDespite the development of oral hypoglycemic medications, diabetes and its associated complications continue to be significant clinical issues. The purpose of this study was to examine the antidiabetic effects of Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek seeds in mice that had been given alloxan to cause diabetes.MethodsIn Swiss albino mice, diabetes was brought on by a single intraperitoneal injection of the drug alloxan (150 mg/kg). For 14 days, glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) and methanol extract of V. radiata seeds (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) were given orally. Following oral administration of V. radiata to mice, the blood glucose levels (BGL) and body weight were measured at 7 and 14 days. The mice were sacrificed at the end of the trial, and blood samples were taken for the evaluation of insulin, glycated hemoglobin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) levels. It was determined how much glycogen was present in the liver. Additionally, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of V. radiata were determined, along with the in vitro DPPH (2, 2 diphenyl-1-picrylhrazyl) free radical-scavenging activity. P < 0.05 was chosen as the cutoff for statistical significance.ResultsFollowing oral administration of V. radiata for 14 days, diabetic mice's BGL and bad cholesterol (TC and TG) levels significantly decreased, while HDL levels increased. Treatment with V. radiata significantly decreased the levels of AST, ALT, and glycated hemoglobin when compared with diabetes control. On the other hand, it raised insulin levels and the amount of liver glycogen. V. radiata underwent phytochemical analysis, which identified the presence of tannins, saponins, phenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, and glycosides. Per gram of V. radiata seed extract, the total phenolic content was 43.12 ± 3.14 mg of gallic acid equivalents, while the total flavonoid content was 38.35 ± 2.6 mg of quercetin equivalents. Ascorbic acid was shown to have an IC50 value of 18.64 µg/ml during a DPPH-scavenging assay, while V. radiata had an IC50 value of 73.35 µg/ml.ConclusionAccording to the findings of the current study, the methanolic extract of the seeds from the plant V. radiata possesses significant antidiabetic characteristics that are on par with those of the commonly used drug glibenclamide. Hence, V. radiata seems to be effective as a natural antidiabetic.

Project description:BackgroundMung bean is a pulse crop principally grown in the tropic and subtropic parts of the world for its nutrient-rich seeds. Seven mung beans accessions from Eastern Kenya were evaluated using thirteen phenotypic traits. In addition, 10 SSR markers were used to determine their genetic diversity and population structure. This aimed at enhancing germplasm utilization for subsequent mung bean breeding programs.ResultsAnalysis of variance for most of the phenology traits showed significant variation, with the yield traits recording the highest. The first three principal components (PC) explained 83.4% of the overall phenotypic variation, with the highest (PC1) being due to variation of majority of the traits studied such as pod length, plant height, and seeds per pod. The dendogram revealed that the improved genotypes had common ancestry with the local landraces. The seven mung beans were also genotyped using 10 microsatellite markers, eight of which showed clear and consistent amplification profiles with scorable polymorphisms in all the studied genotypes. Genetic diversity, allele number, and polymorphic information content (PIC) were determined using powermarker (version 3.25) and phylogenetic tree constructed using DARWIN version 6.0.12. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) was calculated using GenALEx version 6.5. A total of 23 alleles were detected from the seven genotypes on all the chromosomes studied with an average of 2.875 across the loci. The PIC values ranged from 0.1224 (CEDG056) to 0.5918 (CEDG092) with a mean of 0.3724. Among the markers, CEDG092 was highly informative while the rest were reasonably informative except CEDG056, which was less informative. Gene diversity ranged from 0.1836 (CEDG050) to 0.5102 (CDED088) with an average of 0.3534. The Jaccards dissimilarity matrix indicated that genotypes VC614850 and N26 had the highest level of dissimilarity while VC637245 and N26 had lowest dissimilarity index. The phylogenetic tree grouped the genotypes into three clusters as revealed by population structure analysis (K = 3), with cluster III having one unique genotype (VC6137B) only. AMOVA indicated that the highest variation (99%) was between individual genotype. In addition, marker traits association analysis revealed 18 significant associations (P < 0.05).ConclusionThese findings indicate sufficient variation among the studied genotypes that can be considered for germplasm breeding programs.

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Association Mapping for Yield Attributing Traits and Yellow Mosaic Disease Resistance in Mung Bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]

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