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Cleaner wrasse Labroides dimidiatus perform above chance in a “matching-to-sample” experiment

ABSTRACT: Concept learning have been studied widely in non-human animal species within or not an ecological context. Here we tested whether cleaner fish Labroides dimidiatus, which show generalised rule learning in an ecologically relevant context; they generalise that any predator may provide protection from being chased by other fish; can also learn a general concept when presented with abstract cues. We tested for this ability in the matching-to-sample task. In this task, a sample is shown first, and then the subject needs to choose the matching sample over a simultaneously presented different one in order to obtain a food reward. We used the most general form of the task, using each stimulus only once in a total of 200 trials. As a group, the six subjects performed above chance, and four individuals eventually reached learning criteria. However, individual performance was rather unstable, yielding overall only 57% correct choices. These results add to the growing literature that ectotherms show the ability of abstract concept learning, though the lack of stable high performance may indicate quantitative performance differences to endotherms.

SUBMITTER: Aellen M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8803161 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The performance of cleaner wrasse, Labroides dimidiatus, in a reversal learning task varies across experimental paradigms.

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Microbiota composition data for wild and captive bluestreak cleaner wrasse Labroides dimidiatus (Valenciennes, 1839).

Project description:The Labroides dimidiatus is known as the "doctor fish" because of its role in removing parasites and infectious pathogens from the body of other fishes. This important role played both in wild and captive conditions could represent a novel form of parasitic transmission process mediated by the cleaning activity of the fish. Yet, there is a paucity of data on the microflora associated with this fish which is important for tracking disease infection and generally monitoring the health status of the fish. This article, therefore, represents the first dataset for the microbiota composition of wild and captive L. dimidiatus. Wild fish samples and carriage water were gotten in Terengganu Malaysia around the corals of the Karah Island. The captive sample, however, was obtained from well-known ornamental fish suppliers in Terengganu Malaysia. Thereafter, bacteria present on the skin, in the stomach and the aquarium water were enumerated using culture-independent approaches and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology. Data obtained from the three metagenomic libraries using NGS analysis gave 1,426,740 amplicon sequence reads which are composed of 508 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) for wild samples and 3,238,564 valid reads and 828 OTUs for captive samples. All sequence reads were deposited in the GeneBank (Accession numbers SAMN14260247, SAMN14260248, SAMN14260249, SAMN14260250, SAMN14260251, and SAMN14260252). The dataset presented is associated with the research article "16S rDNA-Based Metagenomic Analysis of Microbial Communities Associated with Wild Labroides dimidiatus From Karah Island, Terengganu, Malaysia" [1]. The microbiota data presented in this article can be used to monitor the health and wellbeing of the ornamental fish, especially under captivity, hence preventing possible cross-infection.

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Transitive inference in cleaner wrasses (Labroides dimidiatus).

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Long-term effects of the cleaner fish Labroides dimidiatus on coral reef fish communities.

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Population densities predict forebrain size variation in the cleaner fish Labroides dimidiatus.

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Project description:Males and females of the same species are known to differ at least in some cognitive domains, but such differences are not systematic across species. As a consequence, it remains unclear whether reported differences generally reflect adaptive adjustments to diverging selective pressures, or whether differences are mere side products of physiological differences necessary for reproduction. Here, we show that sex differences in cognition occur even in a sex-changing species, a protogynous hermaphroditic species where all males have previously been females. We tested male and female cleaner fish Labroides dimidiatus in four cognitive tasks to evaluate their learning and inhibitory control abilities first in an abstract presentation of the tasks, then in more ecologically relevant contexts. The results showed that males were better learners than females in the two learning tasks (i.e. reversal learning as an abstract task and a food quantity assessment task as an ecologically relevant task). Conversely, females showed enhanced abilities compared with males in the abstract inhibitory control task (i.e. detour task); but both sexes performed equally in the ecologically relevant inhibitory control task (i.e. 'audience effect' task). Hence, sex-changing species may offer unique opportunities to study proximate and/or ultimate causes underlying sex differences in cognitive abilities.

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Project description:Adjusting one's behaviour in response to eavesdropping bystanders is considered a sophisticated social strategy, yet the underlying mechanisms are not well studied. Cleaner wrasse, Labroides dimidiatus, cooperate by eating ectoparasites off "client" fishes, or cheat (i.e. bite) and eat client mucus. Image scoring by bystander clients generally causes cleaners from socially-complex (i.e. high cleaner and client abundance; high client species richness) habitats to increase levels of cooperation. However, some individuals may periodically provide tactile stimulation to small resident clients, which attract bystanders close that are bitten, a form of tactical deception. Cortisol injection can reproduce this pattern. Here, we tested whether cleaners from socially-complex versus simple habitats respond differently to cortisol injections in terms of their cleaning interactions with clients. We found that only cleaners from the socially-complex habitat respond to cortisol injection with strategies functioning as tactical deception: i.e. increased tactile stimulation to small clients and increased cheating of large clients relative to small ones. At the socially-simple site, where reputation management is less important, cortisol-treated fish increased their overall levels of cheating, especially of small clients. Thus, strategic adjustments to cooperative behaviour and tactical deception are likely context-dependent, forming part of general reputation management abilities in cleaner wrasse.

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