Dataset Information

Morphological and Physiological Traits Associated with Yield under Reduced Irrigation in Chilean Coastal Lowland Quinoa.

ABSTRACT: Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a genetically diverse crop that has gained popularity in recent years due to its high nutritional content and ability to tolerate abiotic stresses such as salinity and drought. Varieties from the coastal lowland ecotype are of particular interest due to their insensitivity to photoperiod and their potential to be cultivated in higher latitudes. We performed a field experiment in the southern Atacama Desert in Chile to investigate the responses to reduced irrigation of nine previously selected coastal lowland self-pollinated (CLS) lines and the commercial cultivar Regalona. We found that several lines exhibited a yield and seed size superior to Regalona, also under reduced irrigation. Plant productivity data were analyzed together with morphological and physiological traits measured at the visible inflorescence stage to estimate the contribution of these traits to differences between the CLS lines and Regalona under full and reduced irrigation. We applied proximal sensing methods and found that thermal imaging provided a promising means to estimate variation in plant water use relating to yield, whereas hyperspectral imaging separated lines in a different way, potentially related to photosynthesis as well as water use.

SUBMITTER: Dumschott K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8839172 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Morphological and Physiological Traits Associated with Yield under Reduced Irrigation in Chilean Coastal Lowland Quinoa.

Dumschott Kathryn K Wuyts Nathalie N Alfaro Christian C Castillo Dalma D Fiorani Fabio F Zurita-Silva Andrés A

Plants (Basel, Switzerland) 20220126 3

Quinoa (<i>Chenopodium quinoa</i> Willd.) is a genetically diverse crop that has gained popularity in recent years due to its high nutritional content and ability to tolerate abiotic stresses such as salinity and drought. Varieties from the coastal lowland ecotype are of particular interest due to their insensitivity to photoperiod and their potential to be cultivated in higher latitudes. We performed a field experiment in the southern Atacama Desert in Chile to investigate the responses to redu ...[more]

PMID: 35161304

Similar Datasets

Project description:Climate change has become a concern, emphasizing the need for the development of crops tolerant to drought. Therefore, this study is designed to explore the physiological characteristics of quinoa that enable it to thrive under drought and other extreme stress conditions by investigating the combined effects of irrigation water levels (100%, 75%, and 50% of quinoa's water requirements, WR as I1, I2 and I3) and different planting methods (basin, on-ridge, and in-furrow as P1, P2 and P3) on quinoa's physiological traits and gas exchange. Results showed that quinoa's yield is lowest with on-ridge planting and highest in the in-furrow planting method. Notably, the seed protein concentrations in I2 and I3 did not significantly differ but they were 25% higher than those obtained in I1, which highlighted the possibility of using a more effective irrigation method without compromising the seed quality. On the other hand, protein yield (PY) was lowest in P2 (mean of I1 and I2 as 257 kg ha-1) and highest in P3 (mean of I1 and I2 as 394 kg ha-1, 53% higher). Interestingly, PY values were not significantly different in I1 and I2, but they were lower significantly in I3 by 28%, 27% and 20% in P1, P2, and P3, respectively. Essential plant characteristics including plant height, stem diameter, and panicle number were 6.1-16.7%, 6.4-24.5%, and 18.4-36.5% lower, respectively, in I2 and I3 than those in I1. The highest Leaf Area Index (LAI) value (5.34) was recorded in the in-furrow planting and I1, while the lowest value was observed in the on-ridge planting method and I3 (3.47). In I3, leaf temperature increased by an average of 2.5-3 oC, particularly during the anthesis stage. The results also showed that at a similar leaf water potential (LWP) higher yield and dry matter were obtained in the in-furrow planting compared to those obtained in the basin and on-ridge planting methods. The highest stomatal conductance (gs) value was observed within the in-furrow planting method and full irrigation (I1P3), while the lowest values were obtained in the on-ridge and 50%WR (I3P2). Finally, photosynthesis rate (An) reduction with diminishing LWP was mild, providing insights into quinoa's adaptability to drought. In conclusion, considering the thorough evaluation of all the measured parameters, the study suggests using the in-furrow planting method with a 75%WR as the best approach for growing quinoa in arid and semi-arid regions to enhance production and resource efficiency.

Project description:The total area under quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) cultivation and the consumption of its grain have increased in recent years because of its nutritional properties and ability to grow under adverse conditions, such as drought. Climate change scenarios predict extended periods of drought and this has emphasized the need for new crops that are tolerant to these conditions. The main goal of this work was to evaluate crop yield and quality parameters and to characterize the physiology of two varieties of quinoa grown under water deficit in greenhouse conditions. Two varieties of quinoa from the Chilean coast (Rainbow) and altiplano (Illpa) were used, grown under full irrigation or two different levels of water deficit applied during the grain filling period. There were no marked differences in yield and quality parameters between treatments, but the root biomass was higher in plants grown under severe water deficit conditions compared to control. Photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance decreased with increased water stress in both cultivars, but the coastal variety showed higher water use efficiency and less discrimination of 13C under water deficit. This response was associated with greater root development and a better stomatal opening adjustment, especially in the case of Rainbow. The capacity of Rainbow to increase its osmoregulant content (compounds such as proline, glutamine, glutamate, K and Na) could enable a potential osmotic adjustment in this variety. Moreover, the lower stomatal opening and transpiration rates were also associated with higher leaf ABA concentration values detected in Rainbow. We found negative logarithmic relationships between stomatal conductance and leaf ABA concentration in both varieties, with significant R2 values of 0.50 and 0.22 in Rainbow and Illpa, respectively. These moderate-to-medium values suggest that, in addition to ABA signaling, other causes for stomatal closure in quinoa under drought such as hydraulic regulation may play a role. In conclusion, this work showed that two quinoa cultivars use different strategies in the face of water deficit stress, and these prevent decreases in grain yield and quality under drought conditions.

Project description:Quinoa high nutritive value increases interest worldwide, especially as a crop that could potentially feature in different cropping systems, however, climate change, particularly rising temperatures, challenges this and other crop species. Currently, only limited knowledge exists regarding the grain yield and other key traits response to higher temperatures of this crop, especially to increased night temperatures. In this context, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of increased night temperature on quinoa yield, grain number, individual grain weight and processes involved in crop growth under the environmental conditions (control treatment) and night thermal increase at two phases: flowering (T1) and grain filling (T2) in southern Chile. A commercial genotype, Regalona, and a quinoa accession (Cod. BO5, N°191, grain bank from Semillas Baer, hereby referred to as Accession) were used, due to their adaptability to Southern Chilean conditions and contrasting grain yield potential, grain weight and size of plants. Temperature was increased ≈4°C above the ambient from 8 pm until 9 am the next morning. Control treatments reached a high grain yield (600 and 397 g m-2, i.e., Regalona and Accession). Temperature increase reduced grain yield by 31% under T1 treatment and 12% when under T2 in Regalona and 23 and 26% in Accession, respectively. Aboveground biomass was negatively affected by the thermal treatments and a positive linear association was found between grain yield and aboveground biomass across treatments. By contrast, the harvest index was unaffected either by genotype, or by thermal treatments. Grain number was significantly affected between treatments and this key trait was linearly associated with grain yield. On the other hand, grain weight showed a narrow range of variation across treatments. Additionally, leaf area index was not affected, but significant differences were found in SPAD values at the end of T1 treatment, compared to control. Little change was found in the harvest index, individual grain weight, grain protein content or water soluble carbohydrates in response to the increased night temperature in this crop.

Project description:To evaluate the effect of useful soil microorganisms and organic compounds on physiological characteristics and yield of two wheat cultivars under supplementary irrigation conditions, a study was conducted in the Agriculture Research Farm of Kurdistan University during the two cropping seasons of 2017-2018 and 2018-2019. A split-split plot-based study on a randomized complete block design with four replicates was used as an experimental design. The main factor was irrigation at three levels, including control without irrigation, supplementary irrigation in the booting stage, and supplementary irrigation in the booting and flowering stages. Two wheat cultivars, namely, Sardari and Sirvan, as sub-factors and application of bio-fertilizers in eight levels, including the use of bio-fertilizers containing: Mycorrhiza, Seaweed extract, Nitrozist and Phosphozist, Mycorrhiza + Nitrozist and Phosphozist, Seaweed extract + Nitrozist and Phosphozist, Mycorrhiza + Seaweed extract, Mycorrhiza + Nitrozist and Phosphozist + Seaweed extract, and non-application of bio-fertilizers, were considered as sub-factors. The results of both seasons of the experiment showed that the application of bio-fertilizers compared to the control treatment at all irrigation levels increased root volume, leaf relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), and photosynthetic pigment content. The highest amount of H2O2, proline, and soluble carbohydrates were obtained in wheat under dry land conditions, and supplementary irrigation, especially two-time irrigation, significantly reduced the values of these traits. Supplementary irrigation also increased grain yield, so that in the conditions of two-time irrigation compared to the non-irrigation treatment (dry land), in the first and second seasons, the grain yield increased by 79.51 and 78.69%, respectively. Application of bio-fertilizers (Mycorrhiza + Nitrozist and Phosphozist + Seaweed extract) in comparison with the non-application of these fertilizers, due to increased root volume, RWC, MSI, and content of photosynthetic pigments, increased the grain yield in the first and second seasons of the experiment by 8.04 and 6.96%, respectively. As a result, suitable microorganisms and seaweed can improve wheat resistance mechanisms to water deficit, which along with using supplementary irrigation that saves water consumption improves plant growth and yield in areas faced with water shortage.

Project description:Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important crop in China. Although it is known that its yield is restricted by nitrogen (N) supply, the response of the root system to N supply specifically has not been systematically explored. This study aimed to investigate the effect of N uptake on grain yield to clarify the relationships between root morphophysiological traits and N uptake, and to understand relation between phytohormones and root morphophysiological traits. Two N-efficient absorption cultivars (NEAs) and two N-inefficient absorption cultivars (NIAs) were grown in the field, and three N conditions, deficient N (60 kg ha-1), intermediate N (180 kg ha-1), and sufficient N (240 kg ha-1), were applied during the growing season. The results showed higher dry matter and grain yield in NEAs than in NIAs, which was mainly attributed to increased N uptake in the mid- and late growth stages under all N conditions. And NEAs have different root regulation methods to obtain higher N accumulation and yield under different N supply conditions. Under lower N conditions, compared with NIAs, NEAs shown greater total root length, root oxidation activity, and root active absorbing surface area and smaller root diameter owing to higher indole-3-acetic acid and cytokinin content and lower 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid content in the early growth stages to respond to low N stress faster, laying a morphophysiological basis for its high N-uptake capacity in the mid- and late growth stages. Under higher N conditions, NEAs had higher root oxidation activity and root active absorbing surface area for N uptake and yield formation owing to higher abscisic acid and cytokinin content in the mid- and late growth stages, which improved the seed setting rate, thereby increasing the rice grain yield. These results suggest that NEAs can optimize the morphophysiological characteristics of roots through phytohormone regulation to adapt to different nutrient conditions, thereby promoting N accumulation and yield formation in rice.

Project description:Major cereal yields are expected to decline significantly in coming years due to the effects of climate change temperature rise. Agroforestry systems have been recognized as a useful land management strategy that could mitigate these effects through the shelter provided by trees, but it is unclear how shade affects cereal production. Most cereal species and cultivars have been selected for full light conditions, making it necessary to determine those able to acclimate to low irradiance environments and the traits that drive this acclimation. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in central Spain to assess the photosynthetic response, leaf morphology and grain yield of nine cultivars of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) at three levels of photosynthetic active radiation (100%, 90% and 50%). Cultivars were selected according to three different precocity categories and were widely used in the studied area. The main objective was to assess whether the species and cultivars could acclimate to partial shade through physiological and morphological acclimations and thus increase their grain yield for cultivation in agroforestry systems. Both species increased grain yield by 19% in shade conditions. However, they used different acclimation strategies. Barley mostly performed a physiological acclimation, while wheat had a major morphological adjustment under shaded environment. Barley had lower dark respiration (42%), lower light compensation point (73%) and higher maximum quantum yield (48%) than wheat in full light conditions, revealing that it was a more shade-tolerant species than wheat. In addition, to acclimate to low irradiance conditions, barley showed a 21% reduction of the carotenoids/chlorophyll ratio in the lowest irradiance level compared to 100% light availability and adjusted the chlorophyll a/b ratio, photosystem II quantum efficiency, electron transport rate and non-photochemical quenching to shade conditions. On the other hand, wheat showed a 48% increase in single leaf area in the 50% irradiance level than in full light to maximize light capture. Our results showed that current commercialized wheat and barley cultivars had sufficient plasticity for adaptation to shade, supporting tree presence as a tool to reduce the negative effects of climate change.

Dataset Information

Morphological and Physiological Traits Associated with Yield under Reduced Irrigation in Chilean Coastal Lowland Quinoa.

Publications

Morphological and Physiological Traits Associated with Yield under Reduced Irrigation in Chilean Coastal Lowland Quinoa.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets