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Hydrothermal Unzipping of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes and Cutting of Graphene by Potassium Superoxide.

ABSTRACT: The dual use of potassium superoxide (KO2) to unzip multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and cut graphene under hydrothermal conditions is described in this work. The KO2-assisted hydrothermal treatment was proven to be a high-yield method for forming graphene nanoribbons and dots or sub-micro-sized graphene nanosheets. Starting with functionalized MWCNTs, the method produces water-dispersible graphene nanoribbons with characteristic photoluminescence depending on their width. Using pristine graphene, the hydrothermal treatment with KO2 produces nanosized graphene sheets and graphene quantum dots with diameters of less than 10 nm. The latter showed a bright white photoluminescence. The effective hydrothermal unzipping of MWNTs and the cutting of large graphene nanosheets is a valuable top-down approach for the preparation of graphene nanoribbons and small nanographenes. Both products with limited dimensions have interesting applications in nanoelectronics and bionanotechnology.

SUBMITTER: Koutsioukis A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8839989 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Hydrothermal Unzipping of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes and Cutting of Graphene by Potassium Superoxide.

Koutsioukis Apostolos A Spyrou Konstantinos K Chalmpes Nikolaos N Gournis Dimitrios D Georgakilas Vasilios V

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) 20220128 3

The dual use of potassium superoxide (KO<sub>2</sub>) to unzip multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and cut graphene under hydrothermal conditions is described in this work. The KO<sub>2</sub>-assisted hydrothermal treatment was proven to be a high-yield method for forming graphene nanoribbons and dots or sub-micro-sized graphene nanosheets. Starting with functionalized MWCNTs, the method produces water-dispersible graphene nanoribbons with characteristic photoluminescence depending on their wi ...[more]

PMID: 35159792

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Project description:The industrial use and widespread application of carbon-based nanomaterials have caused a rapid increase in their production over the last decades. However, toxicity of these materials is not fully known and is still being investigated for potential human and ecological health risks. Detecting carbon-based nanomaterials in the environment using current analytical methods is problematic, making environmental fate and transport modeling a practical way to estimate environmental concentrations and assess potential ecological risks. The Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program 8 (WASP8) is a dynamic, spatially resolved fate and transport model for simulating exposure concentrations in surface waters and sediments. Recently, WASP has been updated to incorporate processes for simulating the fate and transport of nanomaterials including heteroaggregation and phototransformation. This study examines the fate and transport of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) in four aquatic ecosystems in the southeastern United States. Sites include a seepage lake, a coastal plains river, a piedmont river and an unstratified, wetland lake. A hypothetical 50-year release is simulated for each site-nanomaterial pair to analyze nanomaterial distribution between the water column and sediments. For all nanomaterials, 99% of the mass loaded moves though systems of high and low residence times without being heteroaggregated and deposited in the sediments. However, significant accumulation in the sediments does occur over longer periods of time. Results show that GO and rGO had the highest mass fraction in the water column of all four sites. MWCNT were found predominantly in the sediments of the piedmont river and seepage lake but were almost entirely contained in the water column of the coastal plains river and wetland lake. Simulated recovery periods following the release estimate 37+ years for lakes and 1-4 years for rivers to reduce sediment nanomaterial concentrations by 50% suggesting that carbon-based nanomaterials have the potential for long-term ecological effects.

Dataset Information

Hydrothermal Unzipping of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes and Cutting of Graphene by Potassium Superoxide.

Publications

Hydrothermal Unzipping of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes and Cutting of Graphene by Potassium Superoxide.

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