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Dynamical regulations on mobility and vaccinations for controlling COVID-19 spread.

ABSTRACT: Using a system of time-dynamical equations, we investigate how daily mobility indices, such as the homestay percentage above the pre-COVID normal ([Formula: see text]; or H-forcing), and the vaccinated percentage ([Formula: see text]; or V-forcing) impact the net reproductive rate (R0) of COVID-19 in ten island nations as a prototype, and then, extending it to 124 countries worldwide. Our H- and V-forcing model of R0 can explain the new trends in 106 countries. The disease transmission can be controlled by forcing down [Formula: see text] with an enforcement of continuous [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] of countries with [Formula: see text] vaccinated plus recovered, [Formula: see text]. The required critical [Formula: see text] decreases with increasing [Formula: see text], dropping it down to [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text], and further down to [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text]. However, the regulations on [Formula: see text] are context-dependent and country-specific. Our model gives insights into forecasting and controlling the disease's transmission behaviour when the effectiveness of the vaccines is a concern due to new variants, and/or there are delays in vaccination rollout programs.

SUBMITTER: Rajakaruna M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8894369 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Dynamical regulations on mobility and vaccinations for controlling COVID-19 spread.

Rajakaruna Mevan M Rajakaruna Harshana H Rajakaruna Rupika R

Scientific reports 20220303 1

Using a system of time-dynamical equations, we investigate how daily mobility indices, such as the homestay percentage above the pre-COVID normal ([Formula: see text]; or H-forcing), and the vaccinated percentage ([Formula: see text]; or V-forcing) impact the net reproductive rate (R0) of COVID-19 in ten island nations as a prototype, and then, extending it to 124 countries worldwide. Our H- and V-forcing model of R0 can explain the new trends in 106 countries. The disease transmission can be co ...[more]

PMID: 35241699

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Project description:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2). It was declared on March 11, 2020, by the World Health Organization as pandemic disease. The disease has neither approved medicine nor vaccine and has made governments and scholars search for drastic measures in combating the pandemic. Regrettably, the spread of the virus and mortality due to COVID-19 has continued to increase daily. Hence, it is imperative to control the spread of the disease particularly using nonpharmacological strategies such as quarantine, isolation, and public health education. This work studied the effect of these different control strategies as time-dependent interventions using mathematical modeling and optimal control approach to ascertain their contributions in the dynamic transmission of COVID-19. The model was proven to have an invariant region and was well-posed. The basic reproduction number and effective reproduction numbers were computed with and without interventions, respectively, and were used to carry out the sensitivity analysis that identified the critical parameters contributing to the spread of COVID-19. The optimal control analysis was carried out using the Pontryagin's maximum principle to figure out the optimal strategy necessary to curtail the disease. The findings of the optimal control analysis and numerical simulations revealed that time-dependent interventions reduced the number of exposed and infected individuals compared to time-independent interventions. These interventions were time-bound and best implemented within the first 100 days of the outbreak. Again, the combined implementation of only two of these interventions produced a good result in reducing infection in the population. While, the combined implementation of all three interventions performed better, even though zero infection was not achieved in the population. This implied that multiple interventions need to be deployed early in order to reduce the virus to the barest minimum.

Dataset Information

Dynamical regulations on mobility and vaccinations for controlling COVID-19 spread.

Publications

Dynamical regulations on mobility and vaccinations for controlling COVID-19 spread.

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