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Shared antibiotic resistance and virulence genes in Staphylococcus aureus from diverse animal hosts.

ABSTRACT: The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) poses an important threat in human and animal health. In this study, we ask whether resistance and virulence genes in S. aureus are homogeneously distributed or constrained by different animal hosts. We carried out whole genome sequencing of 114 S. aureus isolates from ten species of animals sampled from four New England states (USA) in 2017-2019. The majority of the isolates came from cats, cows and dogs. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on the alignment of 89,143 single nucleotide polymorphisms of 1173 core genes reveal 31 sequence types (STs). The most common STs were ST5, ST8, ST30, ST133 and ST2187. Every genome carried at least eight acquired resistance genes. Genes related to resistance found in all genomes included norA (fluoroquinolone), arlRS (fluoroquinolone), lmrS (multidrug), tet(38) (tetracycline) and mepAR (multidrug and tigecycline resistance). The most common superantigen genes were tsst-1, sea and sec. Acquired antibiotic resistance (n = 10) and superantigen (n = 9) genes of S. aureus were widely shared between S. aureus lineages and between strains from different animal hosts. These analyses provide insights for considering bacterial gene sharing when developing strategies to combat the emergence of high-risk clones in animals.

SUBMITTER: Bruce SA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8924228 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Shared antibiotic resistance and virulence genes in Staphylococcus aureus from diverse animal hosts.

Bruce Spencer A SA Smith Joshua T JT Mydosh Jennifer L JL Ball John J Needle David B DB Gibson Robert R Andam Cheryl P CP

Scientific reports 20220315 1

The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) poses an important threat in human and animal health. In this study, we ask whether resistance and virulence genes in S. aureus are homogeneously distributed or constrained by different animal hosts. We carried out whole genome sequencing of 114 S. aureus isolates from ten species of animals sampled from four New England states (USA) in 2017-2019. The majority of the isolates came from cats, cows and dogs. The maximum likelihood ...[more]

PMID: 35292708

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Project description:Staphylococcus aureus is a significant pathogen in dairy animals, particularly when it infects the mammary gland; however, its prevalence among dairy goats in China remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the distribution and characteristics of S. aureus isolates in dairy goats across China. A total of 515 milk samples were collected from goats diagnosed with mastitis in 14 provinces. These samples underwent bacterial isolation and identification, capsular polysaccharides typing, spa typing, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and assessment of antimicrobial resistance and virulence gene. The findings revealed the isolation of 61 S. aureus strains. The highest prevalence rate was recorded in 2018, at 20.4% (11 out of 54 samples), while the lowest prevalence rate was noted in 2023, at 5.2% (3 out of 58 samples). Among the five regions studied, southern China exhibited the highest prevalence rate of 17.5% (10 out of 57 samples), whereas northeastern China showed the lowest rate at 8.2% (8 out of 97 samples). Capsular polysaccharide type 5 emerged as the most prevalent, accounting for 52.5%, and spa type t521 was identified most frequently, at 19.7%. Notably, 52 isolates (85.2%) demonstrated multidrug resistance, displaying resistance to three or more antibiotics. The resistance rates of S. aureus isolates were significantly high to penicillin (95.1%), followed by enrofloxacin (82.0%), kanamycin (78.7%), and levofloxacin (77.0%). Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole exhibited the lowest resistance rate at 11.5%. Resistance rates varied across the five different regions. Additionally, eight genes associated with resistance to six classes of antimicrobials were detected, with the blaZ gene (93.4%) being the most prevalent at 93.4%. Furthermore, nine virulence-associated genes were identified, with clfA being the most common virulence gene, present in all isolates. In conclusion, most S. aureus isolates were multiresistant with diverse resistance patterns. Those diverse antimicrobial resistance profiles associated with corresponding resistance genes (p < 0.05) were reported for the first time in S. aureus from caprine mastitis. Sulfonamides could be prioritized preferentially for the treatment of S. aureus mastitis.

Project description:IntroductionStaphylococcus aureus is a significant human pathogen that poses a threat to public health due to its association with foodborne contamination and a variety of infections. The factors contributing to the pathogenicity of S. aureus include virulence, drug resistance, and toxin production, making it essential to monitor their prevalence and genetic profiles. This study investigated and compared the genomic characteristics of S. aureus isolates from retail meat and patients in Saudi Arabia.MethodsA total of 136 S. aureus isolates were obtained between October 2021 and June 2022:84 from patients and 53 from meat samples in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. S. aureus isolates were identified using conventional methods and MALDI-TOF MS, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was identified using VITEK2 and BD Phoenix systems. MRSA was confirmed phenotypically using chromogenic agar, and genotypically by detecting mecA. Genomic data were analyzed using BactopiaV2 pipeline, local BLAST, and MLST databases.ResultsAntibiotic resistance genes were prevalent in both meat and patient S. aureus isolates, with high prevalence of tet38, blaZ, and fosB. Notably, all S. aureus isolates from patients carried multidrug-resistant (MDR) genes, and a high percentage of S. aureus isolates from meat also harbored MDR genes. Phenotypically, 43% of the S. aureus isolates from meat and 100% of the patients' isolates were MDR. Enterotoxin genes, including selX, sem, and sei, exhibited high compatibility between meat and patient S. aureus isolates. Virulence genes such as cap, hly/hla, sbi, and isd were found in all S. aureus isolates from both sources.ConclusionOur study established a genetic connection between S. aureus isolates from meat and patients, showing shared antibiotic resistance and virulence genes. The presence of these genes in meat derived isolates underscores its role as a reservoir. Genomic relatedness also suggests potential transmission of resistance between different settings. These findings emphasize the necessity for a comprehensive approach to monitor and control S. aureus infections in both animals and humans.

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Shared antibiotic resistance and virulence genes in Staphylococcus aureus from diverse animal hosts.

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Shared antibiotic resistance and virulence genes in Staphylococcus aureus from diverse animal hosts.

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