Project description:Newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants may escape monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and antiviral drugs. By using live virus assays, we assessed the ex vivo inhibition of the B.1 wild-type (WT), delta and omicron BA.1 and BA.2 lineages by post-infusion sera from 40 individuals treated with bamlanivimab/etesevimab (BAM/ETE), casirivimab/imdevimab (CAS/IMD), and sotrovimab (SOT) as well as the activity of remdesivir, nirmatrelvir and molnupiravir. mAbs and drug activity were defined as the serum dilution (ID50) and drug concentration (IC50), respectively, showing 50% protection of virus-induced cytopathic effect. All pre-infusion sera were negative for SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing activity. BAM/ETE, CAS/IMD, and SOT showed activity against the WT (ID50 6295 (4355-8075) for BAM/ETE; 18,214 (16,248-21,365) for CAS/IMD; and 456 (265-592) for SOT) and the delta (14,780 (ID50 10,905-21,020) for BAM/ETE; 63,937 (47,211-79,971) for CAS/IMD; and 1103 (843-1334) for SOT). Notably, only SOT was active against BA.1 (ID50 200 (37-233)), whereas BA.2 was neutralized by CAS/IMD (ID50 174 (134-209) ID50) and SOT (ID50 20 (9-31) ID50), but not by BAM/ETE. No significant inter-variant IC50 differences were observed for molnupiravir (1.5 ± 0.1/1.5 ± 0.7/1.0 ± 0.5/0.8 ± 0.01 μM for WT/delta/BA.1/BA.2, respectively), nirmatrelvir (0.05 ± 0.02/0.06 ± 0.01/0.04 ± 0.02/0.04 ± 0.01 μM) or remdesivir (0.08 ± 0.04/0.11 ± 0.08/0.05 ± 0.04/0.08 ± 0.01 μM). Continued evolution of SARS-CoV-2 requires updating the mAbs arsenal, although antivirals have so far remained unaffected.

| S-EPMC9321742 | biostudies-literature

Neutralization Escape by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariant BA.4.6.

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC9634860 | biostudies-literature

Antigenic characterization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant BA.4.6.

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC9705283 | biostudies-literature

Neutralization escape by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant BA.2.86.

Project description:The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant BA.2.86 has over 30 mutations in spike compared with BA.2 and XBB.1.5, which raised the possibility that BA.2.86 might evade neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) induced by vaccination or infection. In this study, we show that NAb titers are substantially lower to BA.2.86 compared with BA.2 but are similar or slightly higher than to other current circulating variants, including XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and FL.1.5.1. Moreover, NAb titers against all these variants were higher in vaccinated individuals with a history of XBB.1.5 infection compared with vaccinated individuals with no history of XBB.1.5 infection, suggesting the potential utility of the monovalent XBB.1.5 mRNA boosters.

| S-EPMC10842519 | biostudies-literature

Antigenic characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant BA.2.75.

Project description:The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron subvariant BA.2.75 emerged recently and appears to be spreading. It has nine mutations in spike compared with the currently circulating BA.2, raising concerns that it may further evade vaccine-elicited and therapeutic antibodies. We found BA.2.75 to be moderately more neutralization resistant to sera from vaccinated/boosted individuals than BA.2 (1.8-fold), similar to BA.2.12.1 (1.1-fold), but more neutralization sensitive than BA.4/5 (0.6-fold). Relative to BA.2, BA.2.75 showed heightened resistance to class 1 and class 3 monoclonal antibodies targeting the spike-receptor-binding domain while gaining sensitivity to class 2 antibodies. Resistance was largely conferred by G446S and R460K mutations. BA.2.75 was slightly resistant (3.7-fold) to bebtelovimab, a therapeutic antibody with potent activity against all Omicron subvariants. BA.2.75 also exhibited a higher binding affinity to host receptor ACE2 than other Omicron subvariants. BA.2.75 provides further insight into SARS-CoV-2 evolution as it gains transmissibility while incrementally evading antibody neutralization.

| S-EPMC9444898 | biostudies-literature

Clinical characteristics and vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant BA.2 in the children.

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC9240082 | biostudies-literature

Resistance of SARS-CoV-2 omicron subvariant BA.4.6 to antibody neutralisation.

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC9621396 | biostudies-literature

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant BA.2.86: limited potential for global spread.

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC10689828 | biostudies-literature