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Reducing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among African Americans: the effects of narratives, character's self-persuasion, and trust in science.

ABSTRACT: This research examines the efficacy of self-persuasion narratives (i.e., narratives that describe how a character has changed their mind about the COVID-19 vaccines) in encouraging vaccine uptake among unvaccinated African Americans. A five-condition experiment (N = 394) was conducted in June 2021. Participants viewed one of the three pro-vaccine messages (a self-persuasion narrative, a narrative without self-persuasion, or a non-narrative message) or an irrelevant message or completed a self-persuasion task. Findings supported the persuasive benefits of the self-persuasion narrative compared to the narrative without self-persuasion, actual self-persuasion, and the irrelevant message. Its advantage over the narrative without self-persuasion was mediated by increased self-referencing, affective empathy, and perceived similarity with the character. Moreover, its psychological effects were moderated by participants' trust in science. Unexpectedly, the non-narrative showed persuasive benefits compared to other intervention strategies. The theoretical implications for narrative persuasion and practical implications for vaccine promotion were discussed.

SUBMITTER: Huang Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8933767 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Reducing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among African Americans: the effects of narratives, character's self-persuasion, and trust in science.

Huang Yan Y Green Melanie C MC

Journal of behavioral medicine 20220319 1-2

This research examines the efficacy of self-persuasion narratives (i.e., narratives that describe how a character has changed their mind about the COVID-19 vaccines) in encouraging vaccine uptake among unvaccinated African Americans. A five-condition experiment (N = 394) was conducted in June 2021. Participants viewed one of the three pro-vaccine messages (a self-persuasion narrative, a narrative without self-persuasion, or a non-narrative message) or an irrelevant message or completed a self-pe ...[more]

PMID: 35305206

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Project description:Believing conspiracy narratives is frequently assumed to be a major cause of vaccine hesitancy, i.e., the tendency to forgo vaccination despite its availability. In this scoping review, we synthesise and critically evaluate studies that assess i) the occurrence of vaccine-related conspiracy narratives on the internet, ii) the prevalence of belief in vaccine-related conspiracy narratives, iii) the relationship between belief in conspiracy narratives and vaccination intention or vaccination uptake, and iv) interventions that reduce the impact of conspiracy narratives on vaccination intention.In July 2022, we conducted a literature search using three databases: PubMed, PsychInfo, and Web of Science. Following the PRISMA approach, of the 500 initially identified articles, 205 were eligible and analysed.The majority of identified studies were conducted in Europe and North America, were published in 2021 and 2022, and investigated conspiracy narratives around the COVID-19 vaccination. The prevalence of belief in various vaccine-related conspiracy narratives varied greatly across studies, from 2 to 77%. We identified seven experimental studies investigating the effect of exposure to conspiracy narratives on vaccination intentions, of which six indicated a small negative effect. These findings are complemented by the evidence from over 100 correlative studies showing a significant negative relationship between conspiracy beliefs and vaccination intention or uptake. Additionally, the review identified interventions (e.g., social norm feedback, fact-checking labels, or prebunking) that decreased beliefs in vaccine-related conspiracy narratives and, in some cases, also increased vaccination intentions. Yet, these interventions had only small effects.In summary, the review revealed that vaccine-related conspiracy narratives have spread to varying degrees and can influence vaccination decisions. Causal relationships between conspiracy beliefs and vaccination intentions remain underexplored. Further, the review identified a need for more research on interventions that can reduce the impact of conspiracy narratives.

Project description:ObjectiveVaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a promising avenue for arresting the COVID-19 pandemic, yet suboptimal rates of vaccine uptake in at-risk groups may hinder efficacy and worsen existing health disparities. People with opioid use disorder (OUD) are likely to face increased vulnerability to COVID-19 due to a confluence of biological and social risk factors. We sought to assess factors associated with willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 in people with OUD.MethodPhone surveys were conducted from May to October 2020 with participants enrolled in an urban methadone maintenance program (MMP). Participants were adults who met DSM-5 criteria for OUD and reported injection drug use or sexual risk behavior. Participants were asked about their willingness to receive a highly or partially effective vaccine. Provider trust was assessed using the Trust in Physician scale. Multinomial regression was used to assess demographic and psychosocial factors related to vaccination willingness.ResultsWe surveyed 109 people with OUD enrolled in a MMP (M = 47 years; 56% women; 59% White, 23% Black/African American, 14.4% Hispanic/Latinx; 1.8% other). Participants who identified as Black or African American were significantly less likely to endorse willingness to use a partially effective COVID-19 vaccine (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = .10; 95% confidence interval (CI) [.02, .61], p = .012), although not necessarily less willing to receive a highly effective vaccine (aOR = .40; 95% CI [.09, 1.73], p = .219; n.s.). Trust in physician was positively associated with willingness to use a partially effective vaccine (aOR = 1.12; 95% CI [1.02, 1.23], p = .017), but was not significantly associated with willingness to receive a highly effective vaccine (aOR = 1.07; 95% CI [.98, 1.16], p = .162, n.s) Conclusions: Proactive outreach from trustworthy sources will be needed to counter vaccine hesitancy in people with OUD, especially among Black Americans with OUD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Dataset Information

Reducing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among African Americans: the effects of narratives, character's self-persuasion, and trust in science.

Publications

Reducing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among African Americans: the effects of narratives, character's self-persuasion, and trust in science.

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