Medical students' attitudes toward psychiatry in Indonesia.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Kaligis F
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8947139 | biostudies-literature | 2022
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Medical students' attitudes toward psychiatry in Indonesia.
Kaligis Fransiska F Hillary Ribka R Kusuma Nabilla Merdika Putri NMP Sianipar Helisa Rachel Patricie HRP Ramadhanti Camilla Sophi CS Findyartini Ardi A Indraswari Madhyra Tri MT Magdalena Clarissa Cita CC Nurraga Garda Widhi GW
PloS one 20220324 3
Nearly two-thirds of psychiatric patients are reluctant to seek help from healthcare professionals due to stigma, discrimination, and negligence that evolve around the community, including healthcare providers. Future health professionals should have a positive attitude toward psychiatry and patients with mental health problems. Thus, it is vital to identify medical students' attitudes toward psychiatry as future healthcare providers. The authors conducted a cross-sectional study by using online ...[more]
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Project description:BackgroundPsychiatry is facing one of the highest levels of shortages among medical specialties. Stigma toward psychiatry plays an influential role in medical students' decision to choose psychiatry as a career and has been reported to be prevalent in different parts of the world, particularly in low/middle-income countries.ObjectiveTo systematically review the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) medical students' attitudes toward psychiatry, to assess whether their attitudes are stigmatized or not, and the factors affecting their attitudes.MethodPubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsychInfo (PsycARTICLES) were searched using a combination of main terms "stigma," "psychiatry," "medical students," and the name of Eastern Mediterranean countries. Cross-sectional studies assessing the attitudes of EMR medical students toward psychiatry were included in this review.ResultsTen studies were eligible to be included in the result synthesis. These were from Pakistan (n = 3), Iran (n = 2), Saudi Arabia (n = 1), Lebanon (n = 1), Egypt (n = 1), Bahrain (n = 1), and Oman (n = 1). Most studies reported a combination of both positive and negative attitudes among medical students; however, the overall attitude was positive. Factors affecting medical students' attitude toward psychiatry included poor psychological well-being, having a friend with a psychiatric illness, involving in a romantic relationship with someone suffering from mental illness, young age, frequency of exposure to psychiatry clerkship/teaching, and quality of psychiatry clerkship. Nevertheless, the final positive or negative outcome of these factors on students' attitudes remained controversial.ConclusionConsidering the lack of sufficient data from most EMR countries, we need to exercise caution in interpreting the results of this review. Nevertheless, our review indicates that psychiatry is not stigmatized among EMR medical students, and they have generally positive attitudes toward it. The findings of studies evaluating influencing factors are contradictory and demand further exploration.
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Project description:Psychiatry as a medical discipline is becoming increasingly important due to the high and increasing worldwide burden associated with mental disorders. Surprisingly, however, there is a lack of young academics choosing psychiatry as a career. Previous evidence on medical students' perspectives is abundant but has methodological shortcomings. Therefore, by attempting to avoid previous shortcomings, we aimed to contribute to a better understanding of the predictors of the following three outcome variables: current medical students' attitudes toward psychiatry, interest in psychiatry, and estimated likelihood of working in psychiatry. The sample consisted of N = 1,356 medical students at 45 medical schools in Germany and Austria as well as regions of Switzerland and Hungary with a German language curriculum. We used snowball sampling via Facebook with a link to an online questionnaire as recruitment procedure. Snowball sampling is based on referrals made among people. This questionnaire included a German version of the Attitudes Toward Psychiatry Scale (ATP-30-G) and further variables related to outcomes and potential predictors in terms of sociodemography (e.g., gender) or medical training (e.g., curriculum-related experience with psychiatry). Data were analyzed by linear mixed models and further regression models. On average, students had a positive attitude to and high general interest in, but low professional preference for, psychiatry. A neutral attitude to psychiatry was partly related to the discipline itself, psychiatrists, or psychiatric patients. Female gender and previous experience with psychiatry, particularly curriculum-related and personal experience, were important predictors of all outcomes. Students in the first years of medical training were more interested in pursuing psychiatry as a career. Furthermore, the country of the medical school was related to the outcomes. However, statistical models explained only a small proportion of variance. The findings indicate that particularly curriculum-related experience is important for determining attitudes toward psychiatry, interest in the subject and self-predicted professional career choice. We therefore encourage the provision of opportunities for clinical experience by psychiatrists. However, further predictor variables need to be considered in future studies.
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Project description:BackgroundThe aim of the study was to analyze determinants affecting attitudes toward organ donation among medical students at medical universities in Poland.Materials and methodsThe study involved 1,348 medical students. It was performed using a validated questionnaire of attitude toward organ donation and transplantation (ODT) [PCID-DTO RIOS: A questionnaire designed by the International Collaborative Organ Donation project about organ transplantation and donation].ResultsIt was shown that those who would not donate their family member's organs for transplantation were far more likely to believe it was not their moral duty (p = 0.013) and to feel no solidarity with those in need (p = 0.000). Those who spoke to their families believed it was their moral duty (p = 0.000), and believed they would do it out of solidarity with those in need (p = 0.000). It was found that having family conversations about donating one's organs for transplantation was statistically significantly related to being a blood donor (p = 0.002), fear of desecration/disfigurement of the body after death in case of organ donation (p = 0. 000), a belief that it may be necessary to become an organ recipient in the future (p = 0.000), and knowledge of loved ones' opinions about ODT (father p = 0.000, mother p = 0.000), partner (p = 0.000).Conclusion1. The reluctance to donate the organs of loved ones for transplantation is accompanied by a lack of a sense of moral obligation and a lack of solidarity with those in need. Conversely, conversations among loved ones about organ donation are thought-provoking, causing a sense of moral obligation and solidarity with those in need. 2. Regardless of the stance on organ donation and family discussions on the subject, the respondents do not care what happens to the body after organ donation, but they also do not know the opinions of their loved ones about ODT. 3. Conversations with loved ones contribute to the acceptance of circumstances in which organs would be harvested for transplantation without consent.
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Project description:ObjectivePeople with mental illness (PMI) are often stigmatized or experience negative attitudes from society. In particular, nursing students' attitudes toward PMI will influence the quality of care these patients receive. Some factors influencing attitudes toward PMI among nursing students have been identified. The present study aimed to examine factors influencing attitudes toward mental illness among nursing students in Indonesia.MethodsNursing students (n = 317) were assessed for attitudes toward mental illness using the Community Attitude toward the Mentally Ill questionnaire. Details regarding sociodemographic variables (age, gender, ethnicity, year of study, monthly family income, personal experience with mental illness, family history of mental illness, and knowing or having direct contact with PMI) and knowledge about mental illness by using Mental Health Knowledge Schedule questionnaire were also obtained.ResultsThe mean Community Attitude toward the Mentally Ill questionnaire score was 103.75 ± 9.15, with the highest mean of the four subscales being that of authoritarianism 27.97 ± 2.87 followed by social restrictiveness, community mental health ideology, and benevolence 27.52 ± 3.68, 24.38 ± 3.80, and 23.89 ± 3.27, respectively. The factors significantly associated with nursing students' attitudes toward mental illness were age (r = -0.18, P = 0.001), year of study (H = 16.65, P < 0.001), knowing or having direct contact with PMI (Z = -2.35, P = 0.019), and knowledge of mental illness (r = -0.22, P < 0.001).ConclusionsSeveral demographic variables, direct contact with PMI, and level of knowledge about mental illness can contribute to variations in attitudes toward PMI among nursing students in Indonesia. Education and direct contact with PMI serve as intervention strategies to reduce negative attitudes and stigma associated with mental illness among nursing students.
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Project description:This article describes data on students' attitudes toward e-learning at an Indonesian higher education institution during the pandemic period. This cross-sectional study was conducted with a total of 342 full-time students who studied at Universitas Negeri Jakarta in the 2022-2023 academic year. All respondents were determined using the convenience non-probability sampling method. To gather the data, the Attitude Scale Toward E-Learning (ASTEL) developed by Haznedar and Baran [1] was employed. The online survey was distributed to acquire the desired data on individual demographic characteristics (6 items), avoidance of e-learning (10 items), and tendency to e-learning (10 items). It was conducted from February to March 2023 with the support of lecturers. The dataset is available in the form of Microsoft Excel. The collected data provide new insights concerning students' e-learning attitudes with regard to gender, age, grade level, daily duration of internet use, owner of a personal computer, and level of fear of contracting COVID-19. The dataset is made widely accessible to enable more critical and comprehensive investigations. The dataset will provide guidance to lecturers and policymakers in planning the effective use of e-learning and designing appropriate educational programs to enhance students' achievement in technology-supported learning contexts.
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Project description:ObjectivesArtificial intelligence (AI) is used in a variety of contexts in medicine. This involves the use of algorithms and software that analyze digital information to make diagnoses and suggest adapted therapies. It is unclear, however, what medical students know about AI in medicine, how they evaluate its application, and what they expect from their medical training accordingly. In the study presented here, we aimed at providing answers to these questions.MethodsIn this survey study, we asked medical students about their assessment of AI in medicine and recorded their ideas and suggestions for considering this topic in medical education. Fifty-eight medical students completed the survey.ResultsAlmost all participants were aware of the use of AI in medicine and had an adequate understanding of it. They perceived AI in medicine to be reliable, trustworthy, and technically competent, but did not have much faith in it. They considered AI in medicine to be rather intelligent but not anthropomorphic. Participants were interested in the opportunities of AI in the medical context and wanted to learn more about it. They indicated that basic AI knowledge should be taught in medical studies, in particular, knowledge about modes of operation, ethics, areas of application, reliability, and possible risks.ConclusionsWe discuss the implications of these findings for the curricular development in medical education. Medical students need to be equipped with the knowledge and skills to use AI effectively and ethically in their future practice. This includes understanding the limitations and potential biases of AI algorithms by teaching the sensible use of human oversight and continuous monitoring to catch errors in AI algorithms and ensure that final decisions are made by human clinicians.
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Project description:Introduction:Stigma attached to mental health encompasses discrimination and exclusion of psychiatric patients and hinders their opportunities to have more productive and fulfilling lives. Moreover, stigma also exists among health professionals, and therefore, it hampers the provision of treatment and care and the promotion of mental well-being. This manuscript intends to assess and compare the levels of stigmatization toward patients with mental illness between medical students and doctors from different specialties. Methods:The Portuguese version of Attribution Questionnaire (AQ-27) was used to assess the attitudes of medical students (n = 203), non-psychiatry doctors (n = 121), and psychiatry specialists (n = 29) from the University of Minho and three hospitals in the region of Braga, Portugal (Hospital de Braga, Hospital Senhora da Oliveira, and Hospital de Fafe). Results:Psychiatrists were the group that displayed lower levels of stigmatizing attitudes in all the items of the AQ-27, followed by the students. The regression analyses revealed that professional group and presence of a relative with mental illness were the factors that have a significant impact on the levels of stigmatization. Conclusions:Mental illness stigma is widely spread in community and reaches not only general population but also health professionals. Psychiatrists presented lower levels of stigma compared with non-psychiatry physicians and medical students. We found that stigma is related with age and the presence of relatives with psychiatric disorders. These findings highlight the critical relevance of raising awareness on this topic and, therefore, break stereotypes to reduce the negative consequences of stigma.
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Project description:BackgroundThe rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized both medical education and healthcare by delivering innovative tools that enhance learning and improve overall outcomes. The study aimed to assess students' perceptions regarding the credibility and effectiveness of AI as a learning tool and to explore the dynamics of integrating AI in medical education.MethodologyA cross-sectional study was carried out across medical colleges in Pakistan. A 26-question survey was developed using Google Forms from previously validated studies. The survey assessed demographics of participants, basic understanding of AI, AI as a learning tool in medical education and socio-ethical impacts of the use of AI. The data was analyzed using SPSS (v 26.0) to derive descriptive and inferential statistics.ResultA total of 702 medical students aged 18 to 26 years (mean age 20.50 ± 1.6 years) participated in the study. The findings revealed a generally favorable attitude towards AI among medical students (80.3%), with the majority considering it an effective (60.8%) and credible (58.4%) learning tool in medical education. Students agreed that AI learning optimized their study time (60.3%) and provided up-to-date medical information (63.1%). Notably, 65.7% of students found AI more efficient in helping them grasp medical concepts compared to traditional tools like books and lectures, while 66.8% reported receiving more accurate answers to their medical inquiries through AI. The study highlighted that medical students view traditional tools as becoming increasingly outdated (59%), emphasizing the importance of integrating AI into medical education and creating dedicated AI tools (80%) for the medical education.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that AI is an effective and credible tool in medical education, offering personalized learning experiences and improved educational outcomes. AI tools are helping students learn medical concepts by cutting down on study-time, providing accurate answers, and ultimately improving study outcomes. We recommend developing dedicated AI tools for medical education and their formal integration into medical curricula, along with appropriate regulatory oversight to ensure AI can enhance human abilities rather than acting as a replacement for humans.
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Project description:Background: Stigma is often reported to be a barrier to the treatment and rehabilitation of depression. However, little is known about stigma toward people with depression among college students in China. Methods: Using a questionnaire with a case vignette describing depression, a total of 1,056 students from nine colleges/universities in Hunan Province of China were included in this study. The questionnaire addressed the attitudes toward depression and the desire for keeping a distance from depressed individuals. The current study explored the stigma attitudes of college students toward people with depression and the desire for social distancing, as well as the gender (male and female) and major (medical and non-medical) differences. Results: Over half of the respondents agreed that people described in the vignette were "dangerous" (60.7%) and "could snap out of the problem" (58.7%). Compared with female students, males were more likely to agree that "If I had this problem, I would not tell anyone" (7.0 vs. 13.2%, p = 0.001); compared with non-medical students, medical students were more likely to agree that "The problem is a sign of personal weakness" (38.0 vs. 50.0%, p < 0.001). A lot of respondents would be unwilling to "marry into the family of people with depression" (71.1%) or "work closely with them" (45.1%). Compared with male students, females were more unwilling to "work closely with them" (40.3 vs. 47.5%, p = 0.026). Conclusion: This study found that a high proportion of Chinese college students showed stigma toward and desire for social distancing from people with depression, male students and medical major students showed higher stigma in some subscale items toward people with depression. The present results suggest that more anti-stigma interventions should be applied for Chinese college students to help prevent or reduce stigma attitudes toward people with depression.
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