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Health Starting Points: Continuity and Change in Physical and Mental Health before and during the Pandemic

ABSTRACT: The pandemic has created multiple changes in the lives of Americans with growing and widespread concerns about the implications for the nation’s health and well-being. Most empirical examinations of the physical and mental health implications of the pandemic have rested on aggregate comparisons of pre-pandemic and pandemic indicators of health. We contribute to this body of work by considering continuity and change in health and well-being over time. We draw on respondents in a population-based sample with repeated health measures of physical health, depressive symptoms, and anxiety collected prior to the pandemic and subsequently during the pandemic. Using Sankey figures we illustrate their health pathways and as a result highlight the importance of a longitudinal lens on assessments of health. We find the health-starting-points are critical to understanding distribution and levels of physical and emotional health issues during the pandemic.

SUBMITTER: Manning W

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8950090 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Acute mental health presentations before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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| S-EPMC8314272 | biostudies-literature

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Project description: Not available

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| S-EPMC9614317 | biostudies-literature

Mental health before and during the pandemic in people with systemic sclerosis.

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC8641958 | biostudies-literature

Change in mental health, physical health, and social relationships during highly restrictive lockdown in the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from Australia.

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| S-EPMC8310621 | biostudies-literature

Trends In Outpatient Mental Health Services Use Before And During The COVID-19 Pandemic.

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| S-EPMC9056059 | biostudies-literature

Mental Health and Physical Complaints of German Children and Adolescents before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study.

Project description:The potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on young people's mental and physical health is of increasing concern. We examined the levels of internalizing and externalizing problem behavior and physical complaints before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. Data came from a repeated cross-sectional study on child and youth health in schools in Germany. Assessments took place from November to February each year. Two data collections were conducted before the COVID-19 pandemic in 2018-2019 and in 2019-2020. Collections during the pandemic took place in 2020-2021 and 2021-2022. A total of 63,249 data observations were included in the analyses. Multilevel analyses were used to examine temporal trends in mean emotional problems (e.g., often unhappy, downhearted), hyperactivity-inattention (e.g., constantly fidgeting or squirming), conduct problems (e.g., fights with other children), and physical complaints. Models were adjusted for age, gender, school type, socioeconomic status, and sensation seeking. During the COVID-19 pandemic, children and adolescents in Germany experienced an increase in emotional problems from the pre-pandemic cohort 2019-2020 to the pandemic cohort 2021-2022 (β = 0.56, 95% CI (0.51-0.62)) and, over the course of the pandemic, reported elevated levels of physical complaints (β = 0.19, 95% CI (0.16-0.21)). Findings of increased emotional problems and physical complaints after the two years of the pandemic support the ongoing demand for low-threshold health promotion and prevention and the need for further monitoring of young people's health in Germany.

| S-EPMC10001698 | biostudies-literature

Mental Health and Physical Activity in Health-Related University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Project description:The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to increased negative emotional states among students. Physical activity is known to have positive impacts on mental health and well-being. However, due to the closure of gyms and other recreational facilities as a restrictive measure, students' physical activity levels may decrease. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms and physical activity among health-related students during the second partial COVID-19 lockdown. The study included 823 students from the Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health of the University of Osijek in Croatia. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) and the Godin-Shephard Leisure Time Questionnaire for Physical Activity (GSLTPAQ) questionnaires were used to assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms as well as physical activity. Two-thirds (59.2%) of students in health-related fields were insufficiently active, while the prevalence of depression (50.8%), anxiety (50.9%), and stress (49.9%) symptoms were high. Also, female respondents had significantly higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress than their male counterparts. Graduate students had higher levels of all three negative emotional states, but only anxiety levels were significant. This study shows that students in health-related fields had reduced physical activity and a high prevalence of negative emotional conditions (depression, anxiety, and stress) during the second partial lockdown. The resulting symptoms were mostly of mild intensity; however, we consider this a significant mental health issue during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, it is crucial to control and support students' mental health, especially in more affected female individuals, in order to reduce the pandemic's negative impact.

| S-EPMC8304952 | biostudies-literature

Met and unmet need for mental health care before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Project description:There is a concern that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic will generate large unmet needs for mental health care. Using data from an epidemiological psychiatric diagnostic interview survey (n = 2159) conducted on a probability sample from the general population, the proportions of met and unmet need for mental health care among individuals with and without mental disorders were compared before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed no statistical difference in met and unmet need for mental health care, but point estimates were suggestive of a higher unmet need for care among those with a current mental disorder after the lock-down period.

| S-EPMC8522377 | biostudies-literature

College Mental Health Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results From a Nationwide Survey.

Project description:BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic could affect college students' mental health. We examined screening rates for psychological disorders before and during the pandemic.MethodsUndergraduates were surveyed before (n = 3643) or during the pandemic (n = 4970). Logistic regression adjusting for participant demographics was conducted.ResultsFrequencies of depression [OR 1.32, 95% CI (1.17, 1.48)], alcohol use disorder [OR 1.70, 95% CI (1.50, 1.93)], bulimia nervosa/binge-eating disorder [OR 1.54, 95% CI (1.28, 1.85)], and comorbidity [OR 1.19, 95% CI (1.04, 1.35)] were greater during (vs. before) the pandemic. Frequencies of posttraumatic stress disorder were lower during the pandemic [OR 0.86, 95% CI (0.75, 0.98)]. The upward trend in alcohol use disorder was stronger among women than men [OR 1.47, 95% CI (1.18, 1.83)]. The upward trend in depression was stronger among Black students than White students [OR 1.72, 95% CI (1.19, 2.49)]. Anxiety disorders, insomnia, anorexia nervosa, and suicidality showed no significant trends.ConclusionsDepression, alcohol use disorder, bulimia nervosa/binge-eating disorder, and comorbidity were higher, whereas posttraumatic stress disorder was lower during the pandemic. Women and Black students could face especially heightened risk for alcohol use disorder and depression, respectively, during the pandemic.

| S-EPMC8214371 | biostudies-literature

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