Dataset Information

Development of Dilated Esophagus, Sigmoid Esophagus, and Esophageal Diverticulum in Patients With Achalasia: Japan Achalasia Multicenter Study.

ABSTRACT:

Background/aims

Patients with achalasia-related esophageal motility disorders (AEMDs) frequently present with dilated and sigmoid esophagus, and develop esophageal diverticulum (ED), although the prevalence and patients characteristics require further elucidation.

Methods

We conducted a multicenter cohort study of 3707 patients with AEMDs from 14 facilities in Japan. Esophagography on 3682 patients were analyzed.

Results

Straight (n = 2798), sigmoid (n = 684), and advanced sigmoid esophagus (n = 200) were diagnosed. Multivariate analysis revealed that long disease duration, advanced age, obesity, and type I achalasia correlate positively, whereas severe symptoms and integrated relaxation pressure correlate negatively with development of sigmoid esophagus. In contrast, Grade II dilation (3.5-6.0 cm) was the most common (52.9%), while grade III dilation (≥ 6 cm) was rare (5.0%). We found early onset, male, obesity, and type I achalasia correlated positively, while advanced age correlated negatively with esophageal dilation. Dilated and sigmoid esophagus were found mostly in types I and II achalasia, but typically not found in spastic disorders. The prevalence of ED was low (n = 63, 1.7%), and non-dilated esophagus and advanced age correlated with ED development. Patients with right-sided ED (n = 35) had a long disease duration (P = 0.005) with low integrated relaxation pressure values (P = 0.008) compared with patients with left-sided ED (n = 22). Patients with multiple EDs (n = 6) had lower symptom severity than patients with a single ED (P = 0.022).

Conclusions

The etiologies of dilated esophagus, sigmoid esophagus, and ED are considered multifactorial and different. Early diagnosis and optimal treatment of AEMDs are necessary to prevent these conditions.

SUBMITTER: Sato H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8978127 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Development of Dilated Esophagus, Sigmoid Esophagus, and Esophageal Diverticulum in Patients With Achalasia: Japan Achalasia Multicenter Study.

Sato Hiroki H Fujiyoshi Yusuke Y Abe Hirofumi H Shiwaku Hironari H Shiota Junya J Sato Chiaki C Sakae Hiroyuki H Ominami Masaki M Hata Yoshitaka Y Fukuda Hisashi H Ogawa Ryo R Nakamura Jun J Tatsuta Tetsuya T Ikebuchi Yuichiro Y Yokomichi Hiroshi H Terai Shuji S Inoue Haruhiro H

Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility 20220401 2

<h4>Background/aims</h4>Patients with achalasia-related esophageal motility disorders (AEMDs) frequently present with dilated and sigmoid esophagus, and develop esophageal diverticulum (ED), although the prevalence and patients characteristics require further elucidation.<h4>Methods</h4>We conducted a multicenter cohort study of 3707 patients with AEMDs from 14 facilities in Japan. Esophagography on 3682 patients were analyzed.<h4>Results</h4>Straight (n = 2798), sigmoid (n = 684), and advanced ...[more]

PMID: 35362448

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Project description:Background & aimsSmooth muscles of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and skeletal muscle of the crural diaphragm (esophagus hiatus) provide the sphincter mechanisms at the esophagogastric junction (EGJ). We investigated differences in the 3-dimensional (3D) pressure profile of the LES and hiatal contraction between healthy subjects and patients with achalasia esophagus.MethodsWe performed a prospective study of 10 healthy subjects (controls; 7 male; mean age, 60 ± 15 years; mean body mass index, 25 ± 2) and 12 patients with a diagnosis of achalasia (7 male; mean age, 63 ± 13 years; mean body mass index, 26 ± 1), enrolled at a gastroenterology clinic. Participants underwent 3D high-resolution manometry (3DHRM) with a catheter equipped with 96 transducers (for the EGJ pressure recording). A 0.5-mm metal ball was taped close to the transducer number 1 of the 3DHRM catheter. EGJ pressure was recorded at end-expiration (LES pressure) and at the peak of forced inspiration (hiatal contraction). Computed tomography (CT) scans were performed to localize the circumferential location of the metal ball on the catheter. Esophagus, LES, stomach, right and left crus of the diaphragm, and spine were segmented in each CT scan slice images to construct the 3D morphology of the region.ResultsThe metal ball was located at the 7 o'clock position in all controls. The circumferential orientation of metal ball was displaced 45 to 90 degrees in patients with achalasia compared with controls. The 3D-pressure profile of the EGJ at end-expiration and forced inspiration revealed marked differences between the groups. The LES turns to the left as it entered from the chest into the abdomen, forming an angle between the spine and LES. The spine-LES angle was smaller in patients with achalasia (104°) compared with controls (124°). Five of the 10 subjects with achalasia had physical breaks in the left crus of the diaphragm CONCLUSIONS: Besides LES, the 3D pressure profile of the EGJ can indicate anatomic and functional abnormalities of the crural diaphragm muscle in patients with achalasia esophagus. Further studies are needed to define the nature of hiatal and crural diaphragm dysfunction in patients with achalasia of the esophagus.

Dataset Information

Development of Dilated Esophagus, Sigmoid Esophagus, and Esophageal Diverticulum in Patients With Achalasia: Japan Achalasia Multicenter Study.

Background/aims

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Development of Dilated Esophagus, Sigmoid Esophagus, and Esophageal Diverticulum in Patients With Achalasia: Japan Achalasia Multicenter Study.

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