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Stable carbamate pathway towards organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites and aromatic imines.

ABSTRACT: Methyl ammonium methyl carbamate (MAC), formulated as CH₃NH₃ ⁺CH₃NHCO₂ ^-, was synthesized by reacting liquid methylamine with supercritical CO₂, and its structure was refined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. MAC is a white crystalline salt and is as reactive as methylamine, and is a very efficient alternative to toxic methylamine. We were able to produce hybrid perovskite MAPbI₃ (MA = methyl ammonium) by grinding MAC with PbI₂ and I₂ at room temperature, followed by storing the mixed powder. Moreover, this one-pot method is easily scalable for the large-scale synthesis of MAPbI₃ in a small vessel. We have also investigated the reactivity of MAC towards aromatic aldehydes in the absence of solvent. The solventless reactions afforded imines as exclusive products with over 97% yield, which show higher selectivity than the methylamine-based synthesis. Complete conversions were typically accomplished within 3 h at 25 °C. The results of this study emphasize the importance of solid carbamates such as MAC to develop an environmentally friendly process for the synthesis of various amine-based materials on the industrial scale.

SUBMITTER: Lee KH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9057179 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Stable carbamate pathway towards organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites and aromatic imines.

Lee Kyu Hyung KH Kim Sun Joo SJ Park Hee Sun HS Lim Byung Wook BW Lee Byeongno B Park Young Jun YJ Nam Wonwoo W Hur Nam Hwi NH

RSC advances 20201015 62

Methyl ammonium methyl carbamate (MAC), formulated as CH3NH3 +CH3NHCO2 -, was synthesized by reacting liquid methylamine with supercritical CO2, and its structure was refined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. MAC is a white crystalline salt and is as reactive as methylamine, and is a very efficient alternative to toxic methylamine. We were able to produce hybrid perovskite MAPbI3 (MA = methyl ammonium) by ...[more]

PMID: 35515161

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Project description:Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) are crystals with the structural formula ABX3, where A, B, and X are organic and inorganic ions, respectively. While known for several decades, HOIPs have only in recent years emerged as extremely promising semiconducting materials for solar energy applications. In particular, power-conversion efficiencies of HOIP-based solar cells have improved at a record speed and, after only little more than 6 years of photovoltaics research, surpassed the 20% threshold, which is an outstanding result for a solution-processable material. It is thus of fundamental importance to reveal physical and chemical phenomena that contribute to, or limit, these impressive photovoltaic efficiencies. To understand charge-transport and light-absorption properties of semiconducting materials, one often invokes a lattice of ions displaced from their static positions only by harmonic vibrations. However, a preponderance of recent studies suggests that this picture is not sufficient for HOIPs, where a variety of structurally dynamic effects, beyond small harmonic vibrations, arises already at room temperature. In this Account, we focus on these effects. First, we review structure and bonding in HOIPs and relate them to the promising charge-transport and absorption properties of these materials, in terms of favorable electronic properties. We point out that HOIPs are much "softer" mechanically, compared to other efficient solar-cell materials, and that this can result in large ionic displacements at room temperature. We therefore focus next on dynamic structural effects in HOIPs, going beyond a static band-structure picture. Specifically, we discuss pertinent experimental and theoretical findings as to phase-transition behavior and molecular/octahedral rearrangements. We then discuss atomic diffusion phenomena in HOIPs, with an emphasis on the migration of intrinsic and extrinsic ionic species. From this combined perspective, HOIPs appear as highly dynamic materials, in which structural fluctuations and long-range ionic motion have an unusually strong impact on charge-transport and optical properties. We highlight the potential implications of these effects for several intriguing phenomenological observations, ranging from scattering mechanisms and lifetimes of charge carriers to light-induced structural effects and ionic conduction.

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Stable carbamate pathway towards organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites and aromatic imines.

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Stable carbamate pathway towards organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites and aromatic imines.

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