Dataset Information

Health risk assessment and source apportionment of PM_2.5-bound toxic elements in the industrial city of Siheung, Korea.

ABSTRACT: The emission sources and their health risks of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) in Siheung, Republic of Korea, were investigated as a middle-sized industrial city. To identify the PM_2.5 sources with error estimation, a positive matrix factorization model was conducted using daily mean speciated data from November 16, 2019, to October 2, 2020 (95 samples, 22 chemical species). As a result, 10 sources were identified: secondary nitrate (24.3%), secondary sulfate (18.8%), traffic (18.8%), combustion for heating (12.6%), biomass burning (11.8%), coal combustion (3.6%), heavy oil industry (1.8%), smelting industry (4.0%), sea salts (2.7%), and soil (1.7%). Based on the source apportionment results, health risks by inhalation of PM_2.5 were assessed for each source using the concentration of toxic elements portioned. The estimated cumulative carcinogenic health risks from the coal combustion, heavy oil industry, and traffic sources exceeded the benchmark, 1E-06. Similarly, carcinogenic health risks from exposure to As and Cr exceeded 1E-05 and 1E-06, respectively, needing a risk reduction plan. The non-carcinogenic risk was smaller than the hazard index of one, implying low potential for adverse health effects. The probable locations of sources with relatively higher carcinogenic risks were tracked. In this study, health risk assessment was performed on the elements for which mass concentration and toxicity information were available; however, future research needs to reflect the toxicity of organic compounds, elemental carbon, and PM_2.5 itself.

SUBMITTER: Lee YS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9066139 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Health risk assessment and source apportionment of PM2.5-bound toxic elements in the industrial city of Siheung, Korea.

Lee Young Su YS Kim Young Kwon YK Choi Eunhwa E Jo Hyeri H Hyun Hyeseung H Yi Seung-Muk SM Kim Jae Young JY

Environmental science and pollution research international 20220504 44

The emission sources and their health risks of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Siheung, Republic of Korea, were investigated as a middle-sized industrial city. To identify the PM2.5 sources with error estimation, a positive matrix factorization model was conducted using daily mean speciated data from November 16, 2019, to October 2, 2020 (95 samples, 22 chemical species). As a result, 10 sources were identified: secondary nitrate (24.3%), secondary sulfate (18.8%), traff ...[more]

PMID: 35507225

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Project description:The main objective of this study was chemical characterization and source apportionment of the oxidative potential of ambient PM2.5 samples collected in an urban background area in Athens, Greece. Ambient PM2.5 samples were collected during the summer (June-September) of 2017 and winter (February-March) of 2018 at a residential, urban background site in the outlying neighborhood of the Demokritos National Laboratory in Athens, Greece. The collected PM samples were analyzed for their chemical constituents including metals and trace elements, water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), elemental and organic carbon (EC/OC), and marker of biomass burning (i.e., levoglucosan). In addition, the DCFH in vitro assay was performed to determine the oxidative potential of the PM2.5 samples. We performed a series of statistical analyses, including Spearman rank-order correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and multi linear regression (MLR) to determine the most significant species (as source tracers) contributing to the oxidative potential of PM2.5. Our findings revealed that the intrinsic (per PM mass) and extrinsic (per m3 of air volume) oxidative potentials of the collected ambient PM2.5 samples were significantly higher than those measured in many urban areas around the world. The results of the MLR analyses indicated that the major pollution sources contributing to the oxidative potential of ambient PM2.5 were vehicular emissions (characterized by EC) (44%), followed by secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation (characterized by WSOC) (16%), and biomass burning (characterized by levoglucosan) (9%). The oxidative potential of the collected ambient PM2.5 samples was also higher in summer compared to the winter, mainly due to higher concentrations of EC and WSOC during this season. Results from this study corroborate the impact of traffic and SOA on the oxidative potential of ambient PM2.5 in greater Athens area, and can be helpful in adopting appropriate public health policies regarding detrimental outcomes of exposure to PM2.5.

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Dataset Information

Health risk assessment and source apportionment of PM_2.5-bound toxic elements in the industrial city of Siheung, Korea.

Publications

Health risk assessment and source apportionment of PM<sub>2.5</sub>-bound toxic elements in the industrial city of Siheung, Korea.

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