Evolution and analysis of urban resilience and its influencing factors: a case study of Jiangsu Province, China.
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ABSTRACT: Supplementary information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11069-022-05368-x.
SUBMITTER: You X
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9066402 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:ObjectiveThe objectives of this study were to investigate electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) and cigarette use in Jiangsu Province, China, by analyzing the two-year trends of e-cigarette using and to explore the factors influencing the experimentation and use of e-cigarettes.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study following the standard methodology of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey in 2019 and 2021. A three-stage cluster sampling design was applied. Eighty-two schools in 14 districts (counties) in Jiangsu Province were surveyed. All computations were performed using the SPSS 21.0 complex samples procedure. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the factors influencing e-cigarette experimentation and use.ResultsA total of 12,410 and 12,880 students were surveyed in 2019 and 2021, respectively. E-cigarette experimentation increased from 9.34% in 2019 to 13.07% in 2021 (P < 0.001). E-cigarette use increased from 2.23% in 2019 to 3.74% in 2021 (P < 0.001). The main factors associated with e-cigarette use were cigarette experimentation (OR = 2.700, P < 0.001); male gender (OR = 1.416, P = 0.011); junior high school students (OR = 1.551, P = 0.005) and vocational high school students (OR = 1.644, P = 0.001); more pocket money per week (OR1 = 1.214, P = 0.187; OR2 = 1.686, P = 0.001); exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) at home (OR = 1.239, P < 0.001); exposure to e-cigarette advertising (OR = 1.855, P < 0.001); believe SHS is harmful (OR = 0.933, P = 0.026); closest friends smoking (OR = 2.501, P < 0.001); believe smoking makes youth look more attractive (OR1 = 1.469, P = 0.040; OR2 = 1.305, P = 0.049); believe tobacco helps youth feel more comfortable in social situations (OR1 = 2.161, P < 0.001; OR2 = 1.635, P = 0.001); will use an e-cigarette product if offered by best friends (OR = 1.322, P < 0.001); intend to use an e-cigarette product in the next 12 months (OR = 1.486, P < 0.001).ConclusionE-cigarette use among adolescents has been on the rise in recent years. E-cigarette use is associated with past cigarette use and a strong desire to smoke. It is crucial to take health education and tobacco control efforts to reduce adolescents' e-cigarette use rate.
| S-EPMC10722425 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundNurses' turnover has been a major concern globally, which is strongly influenced by nurses' intent to leave. However, only a few large sample studies on the predictive factors associated with nurses' turnover intention were conducted in Jiangsu Province. This study mainly aims to examine the level and factors that influence nurses to leave their work in Jiangsu Province of Eastern China.MethodsA cross-sectional survey of 1978 nurses was conducted at 48 hospitals in 14 key cities throughout Jiangsu Province. The turnover intention in nurses was measured by the scale of intent to leave the profession. The work environment of nurses was measured by the Chinese version of the Practice Environment Scale. A multiple linear regression model was applied to analyse the factors associated with turnover intention.ResultsThe resignation rate of nurses in the hospitals of Jiangsu Province ranged from 0.64% to 12.71% in 2016.The mean scores were 15.50 ± 3.44 for turnover intention, and 3.06 ± 0.51 for work environment. Involvement in hospital affairs, resource adequacy, age, professional title, year(s) working, employment type and education level were the predictors of nurse intent to leave(P < 0.05).ConclusionThe work environment of nurses in hospitals must be improved in staffing and resource and nurses' involvement in hospital affairs. The current study corroborates that nurses have high turnover intention. Thus, effective measures are needed to improve nurse accomplishment, professional status, participation in hospital affairs and career planning to reduce their turnover intention.
| S-EPMC6626264 | biostudies-literature
Project description:An outbreak of aseptic meningitis occurred in the northern area of Jiangsu Province in China from January to July in 2003. A total of 1,681 cases were involved in this outbreak, and 99% of patients were <15 years of age. To identify the etiologic agent, 66 cerebrospinal fluid specimens were tested by cell culture. Eighteen showed an enteroviruslike cytopathic effect on MRC-5 human fetal diploid lung cells. An enterovirus primer-mediated reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, a standard neutralization assay, and sequencing of the complete capsid-encoding (VP1) gene identified the 18 isolates (FDJS03) as echovirus 30. At least a 10% difference was seen in nucleotide sequences of VP1 between FDJS03 isolates and other global strains of echovirus 30. Phylogenetic analysis based on complete sequences of VP1 was performed to further characterize the FDJS03 isolates. This report is the first to identify a distinct lineage of echovirus 30 as a probable cause of this outbreak.
| S-EPMC3320326 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundIn recent years, births to older mothers and multiparous mothers have increased rapidly with the change of birth policy in China. And mothers of advanced age are more likely to have maternal complications and poor birth outcomes. We aimed to estimate the recent trends and underlying risk factors of maternal mortality.MethodsIn this systematic assessment, we used data from the National Maternal and Child Health Routine Reporting System (2013-2018), Jiangsu Provincial Maternal Mortality Surveillance System (2017-2018), the Integrated National Mortality Surveillance System (2018), City Statistical Yearbooks (2018), City Health Statistical Yearbooks (2018). The factors associated with maternal mortality ratio (MMR) were explored using the stepwise regression analysis and cluster analysis.ResultsThe MMR maintained at low levels between 2013 and 2016 and there was a slight increase in maternal mortality after 2016 in Jiangsu province. With the implementation of the China's universal two child policies, the percentage of multiparous mothers ascended from 34.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 34.1-34.3%) in 2013 to 51.4% (95% CI = 51.3-51.6%) in 2018 (beta = 3.88, P < 0.001). Consistently, the percentage of advanced maternal age (≥ 35) increased from 8.4% (95% CI = 8.4-8.5%) in 2013 to 10.4% (95% CI = 10.3-10.4%) in 2018 (beta = 0.50, P = 0.012). And we found that the percentage of multiparous mothers and advanced maternal age among maternal deaths were higher than all pregnant women (P < 0.001). In the stepwise regression analysis, four risk factors were significantly associated with maternal mortality ratio (primary industry of gross domestic product (GDP), rate of delivery in maternal and child health hospital, rate of cesarean section and rate of low birth weight). As the results derived from cluster analysis, the relatively developed regions had lower preventable maternal mortality ratio (43.5% (95% CI = 31.2-56.7%) vs. 62.6% (95% CI = 52.3-72.0%), P = 0.027).ConclusionsSince the universal two child policy has been associated with changes in health related birth characteristics: women giving birth have been more likely to be multiparous, and more likely to be aged 35 and over. This somewhat magnifies the impact of differences in economic development and obstetric services on MMR. The findings based on prefecture level data suggest that interventions must target economic development, the health system and maternal risk factors in synergy. These approaches will be of great benefit to control or diminish environmental factors associated with preventable deaths and will effectively reduce MMR and narrow the gap among the different regions.
| S-EPMC8235612 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThis study aimed to explore whether the transmission routes of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) will be affected by tick density and meteorological factors, and to explore the factors that affect the transmission of SFTS. We used the transmission dynamics model to calculate the transmission rate coefficients of different transmission routes of SFTS, and used the generalized additive model to uncover how meteorological factors and tick density affect the spread of SFTS.MethodsIn this study, the time-varying infection rate coefficients of different transmission routes of SFTS in Jiangsu Province from 2017 to 2020 were calculated based on the previous multi-population multi-route dynamic model (MMDM) of SFTS. The changes in transmission routes were summarized by collecting questionnaires from 537 SFTS cases in 2018-2020 in Jiangsu Province. The incidence rate of SFTS and the infection rate coefficients of different transmission routes were dependent variables, and month, meteorological factors and tick density were independent variables to establish a generalized additive model (GAM). The optimal GAM was selected using the generalized cross-validation score (GCV), and the model was validated by the 2016 data of Zhejiang Province and 2020 data of Jiangsu Province. The validated GAMs were used to predict the incidence and infection rate coefficients of SFTS in Jiangsu province in 2021, and also to predict the effect of extreme weather on SFTS.ResultsThe number and proportion of infections by different transmission routes for each year and found that tick-to-human and human-to-human infections decreased yearly, but infections through animal and environmental transmission were gradually increasing. MMDM fitted well with the three-year SFTS incidence data (P<0.05). The best intervention to reduce the incidence of SFTS is to reduce the effective exposure of the population to the surroundings. Based on correlation tests, tick density was positively correlated with air temperature, wind speed, and sunshine duration. The best GAM was a model with tick transmissibility to humans as the dependent variable, without considering lagged effects (GCV = 5.9247E-22, R2 = 96%). Reported incidence increased when sunshine duration was higher than 11 h per day and decreased when temperatures were too high (>28°C). Sunshine duration and temperature had the greatest effect on transmission from host animals to humans. The effect of extreme weather conditions on SFTS was short-term, but there was no effect on SFTS after high temperature and sunshine hours.ConclusionsDifferent factors affect the infection rate coefficients of different transmission routes. Sunshine duration, relative humidity, temperature and tick density are important factors affecting the occurrence of SFTS. Hurricanes reduce the incidence of SFTS in the short term, but have little effect in the long term. The most effective intervention to reduce the incidence of SFTS is to reduce population exposure to high-risk environments.
| S-EPMC9119627 | biostudies-literature
Project description:OBJECTIVES:To determine the patterns of chest computed tomography (CT) evolution according to disease severity in a large coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cohort in Jiangsu Province, China. METHODS:This retrospective cohort study was conducted from January 10, 2020, to February 18, 2020. All patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Jiangsu Province were included, retrospectively. Quantitative CT measurements of pulmonary opacities including volume, density, and location were extracted by deep learning algorithm. Dynamic evolution of these measurements was investigated from symptom onset (day 1) to beyond day 15. Comparison was made between severity groups. RESULTS:A total of 484 patients (median age of 47 years, interquartile range 33-57) with 954 CT examinations were included, and each was assigned to one of the three groups: asymptomatic/mild (n?=?63), moderate (n?=?378), severe/critically ill (n?=?43). Time series showed different evolution patterns of CT measurements in the groups. Following disease onset, posteroinferior subpleural area of the lung was the most common location for pulmonary opacities. Opacity volume continued to increase beyond 15 days in the severe/critically ill group, compared with peaking on days 13-15 in the moderate group. Asymptomatic/mild group had the lowest opacity volume which almost resolved after 15 days. The opacity density began to drop from day 10 to day 12 for moderately ill patients. CONCLUSIONS:Volume, density, and location of the pulmonary opacity and their evolution on CT varied with disease severity in COVID-19. These findings are valuable in understanding the nature of the disease and monitoring the patient's condition during the course of illness. KEY POINTS:• Volume, density, and location of the pulmonary opacity on CT change over time in COVID-19. • The evolution of CT appearance follows specific pattern, varying with disease severity.
| S-EPMC7283983 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The major etiology of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is infection with human enterovirus A (HEV-A). Among subtypes of HEV-A, coxsackievirusA16 (CoxA16) and enterovirus 71 (EV71) are major causes for recurrent HFMD among infants and children in Jiangsu Province, mainland China. Here, we analyzed maternal antibodies between prenatal women and their neonates, to determine age-specific seroprevalence of human EV71 and CoxA16 infections in infants and children aged 0 to 15 years. The results may facilitate the development of immunization against HFMD.This study used cross-section of 40 pairs of pregnant women and neonates and 800 subjects aged 1 month to 15 years old. Micro-dose cytopathogenic effects measured neutralizing antibodies against EV71 and CoxA16. Chi-square test compared seroprevalence rates between age groups and McNemar test, paired-Samples t-test and independent-samples t-test analyzed differences of geometric mean titers.A strong correlation between titers of neutralizing antibody against EV71 and CoxA16 in prenatal women and neonates was observed (rEV71 = 0.67, rCoxA16 = 0.56, respectively, p < 0.05). Seroprevalence rates of anti-EV71 antibody gradually decreased with age between 0 to 6 months old, remained low between 7 to 11 months (5.0-10.0%), and increased between 1 and 4 years (22.5-87.5%). Age-specific seroprevalence rates of anti-EV71 antibody stabilized in >80% of children between 5 to 15 years of age. However, seroprevalence rates of anti-CoxA16 antibody were very low (0.0-13.0%) between 0 to 6 months of age, gradually increased between 7 months to 4 years (15.0-70.0%), and stabilized at 54.0% (108/200) between 5 to 15 years. Seroprevalence rates against EV71 and CoxA16 were low under 1 year (0.0-10.0%), and showed an age dependent increase with high seroprevalence (52.5-62.5%) between 4 and 10 years of age.Concomitant infection of EV71 and CoxA16 was common in Jiangsu Province. Therefore, development of bivalent vaccine against both EV71 and CoxA16 is critical. The optimal schedule for vaccination may be 4 to11 months of age.
| S-EPMC3545860 | biostudies-other
Project description:The "Healthy China 2030" plan states that it is necessary to formulate and implement physical health intervention plans for special groups, including women. Based on questionnaire data from women in seven Chinese cities, our research analyzed the status quo of women's fitness, its influencing factors, and the differences in and characteristics of different types of women's fitness demands from four aspects: demography, fitness motivation, fitness behavior, and fitness demands, so as to provide a reference for the promotion of women's fitness. A total of 3473 valid samples were completed. The questionnaire included five age groups: there were 146 in the "20-29 years old" group, 829 in the "30-39 years old" group, 1088 in the "40-49 years old" group, 1105 in the "50-59 years old" group and 305 in the "60 years old and above" group. The questionnaire used in this study was a self-made questionnaire. The contents of the questionnaire included age, occupation, educational level, family circumstances, and health status, women's fitness behavior, fitness motivation and fitness demands. The results show that the current situation of urban women's fitness in China is characterized by low frequency and short duration of exercise. The internal factors affecting women's fitness demands include fitness motivation and fitness behavior. The external factors affecting their fitness demands are social environment and family environment. The differences in women's fitness demands mainly come from women's occupation, monthly income, and family stage.
| S-EPMC8872378 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Farmland is a fundamental resource for human survival and development. However, farmland fragmentation has become a serious problem, causing ecological damage and low crop production efficiency in many parts of the world. Based on remote sensing and socioeconomic data, we used landscape pattern indices, Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA), and Markov chain models to analyze the temporal and spatial pattern changes in farmland in South Jiangsu Province (the first "Modernization Demonstration Zone" in China) during 1985-2010. Our results demonstrated that the total farmland area decreased by ca. 24% and the farmland pattern became fragmented during 1985-2008: core farmland decreased and islet farmland increased. Additionally, the farmland patch density (PD) increased and three other landscape indices (NLSI, MESH, and COHESION) showed significant decreases. Although the fragmentation rate slowed after 2008, the convergence rate to a stationary farmland distribution became faster, and transitions tended to be less deterministic after 2000. Economic and population growth and policy changes positively contributed to this phenomenon. Therefore, the primary task of farmland protection should be to preserve contiguous farmlands and reduce scattered patches in order to promote farmland connectivity.
| S-EPMC4488744 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This study investigated the occurrence and contamination risk of estrogens in livestock manure in Jiangsu Province, China. Four estrogens-estriol (E3), 17β-estradiol (17β-E2), bisphenol A (BPA), and 17α-ethinyloestradiol (EE2)-were detected in livestock manure from hens, ducks, swine, and cows. The respective mean concentrations of each estrogen found in these manures were 289.8, 334.1, 330.3, and 33.7 μg/kg for E3; 38.6, 10.9, 52.9, and 38.8 μg/kg for 17β-E2; 63.6, 48.7, 51.9, and 11.7 μg/kg for BPA; and 14.3, 11.3, 25.1, and 21.8 μg/kg for EE2. Estrogens were most frequently detected at high concentrations in the manure of finishing pigs, followed by the manure of growing pigs and piglets. Estrogens can be partially degraded after banking up for seven days; yet, great quantities of estrogens remain in livestock manure. The total estradiol equivalent quantity (EEQt) estimated to be present in aquatic environments but originating from livestock waste was 10.5 ng/L, which was greater than the hazard baseline value (1 ng/L) and also higher than the proposed lowest observable effect concentration (10 ng/L) of E2 in aquatic environments. The results of our study demonstrate that livestock waste is an important source of estrogens, which may potentially affect the hormonal metabolism of aquatic organisms.
| S-EPMC5800224 | biostudies-literature