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Adherence to Life's Simple 7 and Cognitive Function Among Older Adults: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 to 2014.

ABSTRACT: Background The American Heart Association proposed the Life's Simple 7 (LS7; including diet, physical activity, smoking, body mass index, blood pressure, plasma fasting glucose, total cholesterol) to promote cardiovascular health. Adherence to LS7 has been found to be associated with better cognitive health as well, but the generalizability of previous studies is limited. We aimed to examine the associations of adherence to LS7 and cognitive function among older adults in a nationally representative sample of population. Methods and Results A total of 2585 older adults (≥60 years, 54% female, 80% non-Hispanic White) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 to 2014 were included for analysis. Components of LS7 were measured, and adherence to LS7 was calculated on the basis of established cutoff points of individual components. Cognitive function was examined using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Word List Memory Task (immediate and delayed memory), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), and Animal Fluency Test. Test-specific and global cognition Z scores were created. Multivariable linear regression models were conducted on the associations of adherence to LS7 with domain-specific and global cognition Z scores. Each incremental point in adherence to LS7 was associated with higher Z scores for global cognition (β=0.05; 95% CI, 0.02-0.07), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (β=0.05; 95% CI, 0.03-0.07), Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Word Learning subtest immediate memory (β=0.03; 95% CI, 0.004-0.05), and animal fluency test (β=0.05; 95% CI, 0.02-0.07). Conclusions Greater adherence to LS7 metrics is associated with better cognitive function among older US adults in a nationally representative sample of population.

SUBMITTER: Wei J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9075323 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Previous data demonstrate grain foods contribute shortfall nutrients to the diet of U.S. adults. The 2015?2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans have identified several shortfall nutrients in the U.S. population, including fiber, folate, and iron (women only). Intake of some shortfall nutrients can be even lower in older adults. The present analyses determined the contribution of grain foods for energy and nutrients in older U.S. adults and ranked to all other food sources in the American diet. Analyses of grain food sources were conducted using a 24-hour recall in adults (≥51 years old; n = 4522) using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011?2014. All grains provided 278 kcal/day or 14% of all energy in the total diet, ranking as the 4th largest contributor of energy compared to 15 main food groups. All grain foods ranked 1st for thiamin (33%) and niacin (23%) intake relative to 15 main food groups. The grain foods category ranked 2nd highest of 15 main food groups for daily dietary fiber (23%), iron (38%), folate (40%), and magnesium (15%) and was the 3rd largest food group contributor for daily calcium intake (13%). When considering nutrients to limit as outlined by dietary guidance, main group of grains contributed 6% total fat, 5% saturated fat, 14% sodium and 9% added sugar. Breads, rolls and tortillas provided 150 kcal/day or 8% of all energy in the total diet, ranking as the 2nd largest contributor of energy compared to 46 food subcategories. Breads, rolls and tortillas ranked 1st of 46 foods for daily thiamin (16%) and niacin (10%) intake and 2nd for dietary fiber (12%), iron (12%), folate (13%), and magnesium (7%). Breads, rolls and tortillas ranked 3rd largest food group contributor for daily calcium (5%) intake. Ready-to-eat cereals provided 47 kcal/day or 2% of all energy in the total diet, ranking as the 20th largest contributor of energy compared to 46 food subcategories. All ready-to-eat cereals ranked 1st for daily iron (19%), 1st for folate (21%), 5th for dietary fiber (7%), 3rd for niacin (9%), 8th for magnesium (4%), and 13th for calcium (2%) intake. Given all grain foods and specific subcategories of grain foods provided a greater percentage of several underconsumed nutrients than calories (including dietary fiber, iron, and folate), grain foods provide nutrient density in the American diet of the older adult.

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Adherence to Life's Simple 7 and Cognitive Function Among Older Adults: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 to 2014.

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