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Noble-gas-infused neoprene closed-cell foams achieving ultra-low thermal conductivity fabrics.

ABSTRACT: Closed-cell foams are widely applied as insulation and essential for the thermal management of protective garments for extreme environments. In this work, we develop and demonstrate a strategy for drastically reducing the thermal conductivity of a flexible, closed-cell polychloroprene foam to 0.031 ± 0.002 W m^-1 K^-1, approaching values of an air gap (0.027 W m^-1 K^-1) for an extended period of time (>10 hours), within a material capable of textile processing. Ultra-insulating neoprene materials are synthesized using high-pressure processing at 243 kPa in a high-molecular-weight gas environment, such as Ar, Kr, or Xe. A Fickian diffusion model describes both the mass infusion and thermal conductivity reduction of the foam as a function of processing time, predicting a 24-72 hour required exposure time for full charging of a 6 mm thick 5 cm diameter neoprene sample. These results enable waterproof textile insulation that approximates a wearable air gap. We demonstrate a wetsuit made of ultra-low thermally conductive neoprene capable of potentially extending dive times to 2-3 hours in water below 10 °C, compared with <1 hour for the state-of-the-art. This work introduces the prospect of effectively wearing a flexible air gap for thermal protection in harsh environments.

SUBMITTER: Moran JL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9080917 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Noble-gas-infused neoprene closed-cell foams achieving ultra-low thermal conductivity fabrics.

Moran Jeffrey L JL Cottrill Anton L AL Benck Jesse D JD Liu Pingwei P Yuan Zhe Z Strano Michael S MS Buongiorno Jacopo J

RSC advances 20180618 38

Closed-cell foams are widely applied as insulation and essential for the thermal management of protective garments for extreme environments. In this work, we develop and demonstrate a strategy for drastically reducing the thermal conductivity of a flexible, closed-cell polychloroprene foam to 0.031 ± 0.002 W m-1 K-1, approaching values of an air gap (0.027 W m-1 K-1) for an extended period of time (>10 hours), within a material capable of textile proce ...[more]

PMID: 35539944

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Project description:Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the most common method used for nucleic acid (DNA) amplification. The development of PCR-performing microfluidic reactors (μPCRs) has been of major importance, due to their crucial role in pathogen detection applications in medical diagnostics. Closed loop (CL) is an advantageous type of μPCR, which uses a circular microchannel, thus allowing the DNA sample to pass consecutively through the different temperature zones, in order to accomplish a PCR cycle. CL μPCR offers the main advantages of the traditional continuous-flow μPCR, eliminating at the same time most of the disadvantages associated with the long serpentine microchannel. In this work, the performance of three different CL μPCRs designed for fabrication on a printed circuit board (PCB) was evaluated by a computational study in terms of the residence time in each thermal zone. A 3D heat transfer model was used to calculate the temperature distribution in the microreactor, and the residence times were extracted by this distribution. The results of the computational study suggest that for the best-performing microreactor design, a PCR of 30 cycles can be achieved in less than 3 min. Subsequently, a PCB chip was fabricated based on the design that performed best in the computational study. PCB constitutes a great substrate as it allows for integrated microheaters inside the chip, permitting at the same time low-cost, reliable, reproducible, and mass-amenable fabrication. The fabricated chip, which, at the time of this writing, is the first CL μPCR chip fabricated on a PCB, was tested by measuring the temperatures on its surface with a thermal camera. These results were then compared with the ones of the computational study, in order to evaluate the reliability of the latter. The comparison of the calculated temperatures with the measured values verifies the accuracy of the developed model of the microreactor. As a result of that, a total power consumption of 1.521&nbsp;W was experimentally measured, only ~7.3% larger than the one calculated (1.417&nbsp;W). Full validation of the realized CL μPCR chip will be demonstrated in future work.

Dataset Information

Noble-gas-infused neoprene closed-cell foams achieving ultra-low thermal conductivity fabrics.

Publications

Noble-gas-infused neoprene closed-cell foams achieving ultra-low thermal conductivity fabrics.

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