Long-term olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients: 18-month follow-up study.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Ferreli F
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9082048 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Aug
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Long-term olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients: 18-month follow-up study.
Ferreli Fabio F Gaino Francesca F Russo Elena E Di Bari Matteo M Rossi Vanessa V De Virgilio Armando A Di Stadio Arianna A Spriano Giuseppe G Mercante Giuseppe G
International forum of allergy & rhinology 20220309 8
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Project description:ObjectiveTo investigate how changes in levels of physical activity (PA) in regard to acute disease severity relate to perceived difficulties in performing daily life activities 18 months after COVID-19 infection.DesignAn observational study with an 18-month follow-up survey based on registry data from a national cohort.Participants5464 responders to the 18-month follow-up survey of a Swedish national cohort of 11 955 individuals on sick leave due to COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic.OutcomesThe follow-up survey included questions on daily life activities, as well as present and retrospective level of PA. Changes in PA level from before COVID-19 to follow-up were assessed by the Saltin-Grimby PA Level Scale and analysed by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Comparisons of groups were analysed by the Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and χ2. Multiple binary logistic regression was performed to assess the association of changes in PA with perceived difficulties in performing daily life activities.ResultsAmong the 5464 responders (45% of national cohort), the PA level decreased. Hospitalised individuals had a lower PA level both prior to COVID-19 (p=0.035) and at the 18-month follow-up (p=0.008) compared with non-hospitalised responders. However, the level of PA decreased in both groups. A decrease in PA level increased the odds (OR 5.58, 95% CI 4.90 to 6.34) of having difficulties performing daily life activities.ConclusionsPA levels were reduced 18 months after COVID-19 infection. A decrease in PA over that time was associated with perceived difficulties performing daily life activities 18 months after COVID-19. As PA is important in maintaining health and deconditioning takes time to reverse, this decline may have long-term implications for PA and health.
| S-EPMC10773417 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesPersistent olfactory dysfunction (OD) after 6 months caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection has been reported with a variable prevalence worldwide. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of long-term OD and identify predisposing factors.MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted on 100 adults with COVID-19. Olfactory function was assessed with the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test and a symptom survey at the onset of disease and 30 days later. Patients with persistent quantitative OD at the second assessment were reevaluated after 1 year. Demographic variables, symptoms, and the degree of smell loss were analyzed.ResultsParticipants included 100 patients. The mean age was 42.2 ± 15.6 years, 55 (55%) were female, and 56 (56%) were outpatients. Baseline smell loss was identified in 75/100 (75%) patients, decreasing to 39/95 (40%) after 1 month, and persisting in 29 patients after 1 year. Phantosmia at baseline was the only risk factor identified for persistent OD after 1 year (relative risk 2.51; 95% confidence interval 1.53-4.12; p < 0.001). Regardless of the outcome in smell function, a significant decline in olfaction was associated with the presence of phantosmia at 1 month (β = -12.39; 95% CI -19.82 to -4.95; p < 0.01).ConclusionsSARS-CoV-2 (2019-2020 variants) produced a highly frequent OD that persisted in 29% of the patients after 1 year. The presence of phantosmia at baseline and 1 month was associated with a worse evolution, but phantosmia may interfere with the performance in an identification smell test. A longer follow-up is required in these patients.Level of evidence2 Laryngoscope, 2022.
| S-EPMC9538510 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Considering menstruation as a crucial factor in females' health and fertility, any factor that could change its cycle is important. This study was conducted from April 2021 to October 2022 on females who got 3 doses of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 through different platforms. The participants were requested to provide the trained experts with any changes regarding menstrual cycles after each dose of the vaccine up to 6 months after the booster shots. The disturbances related to the vaccines were identified by the adverse events committee to find possible associations with the applied vaccines. Of 308 women who participated until the end of the study, 22 (7.1%) complained about at least one abnormality in their menstrual patterns. The most common disturbance was metrorrhagia as 10 (48%) incidences followed by menorrhagia as 6 events (24.2%). Notably, the identified complaints were persistent in 59% of the patients. In addition, 14 studied cases developed COVID-19 infection after menstrual disorders. In these cases, COVID-19 could also play a role in the persistence of postvaccine menstrual disturbances. COVID-19 vaccination could affect menstrual cycle in women with no remarkable previous medical history. More longitudinal studies are required regarding this issue.
| S-EPMC11449560 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC8208062 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundWe evaluated the radiologic, pulmonary functional, and antibody statuses of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients 6 and 18 months after discharge, comparing changes in status and focusing on risk factors for residual computed tomography (CT) abnormalities.MethodsThis prospective cohort study was conducted on COVID-19 patients discharged between April 2020 and January 2021. Chest CT, pulmonary function testing (PFT), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunoglobulin G (IgG) measurements were performed 6 and 18 months after discharge. We evaluated factors associated with residual CT abnormalities and the correlation between lesion volume in CT (lesionvolume), PFT, and IgG levels.ResultsThis study included 68 and 42 participants evaluated 6 and 18 months, respectively, after hospitalizations for COVID-19. CT abnormalities were noted in 22 participants (32.4%) at 6 months and 13 participants (31.0%) at 18 months. Lesionvolume was significantly lower at 18 months than 6 months (P < 0.001). Patients with CT abnormalities at 6 months showed lower forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC), and patients with CT abnormalities at 18 months exhibited lower FVC. FVC significantly improved between 6 and 18 months of follow-up (all P < 0.0001). SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels were significantly higher in patients with CT abnormalities at 6 and 18 months (P < 0.001). At 18-month follow-up assessments, age was associated with CT abnormalities (odds ratio, 1.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.32; P = 0.01), and lesionvolume showed a positive correlation with IgG level (r = 0.643, P < 0.001).ConclusionAt 18-month follow-up assessments, 31.0% of participants exhibited residual CT abnormalities. Age and higher SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels were significant predictors, and FVC was related to abnormal CT findings at 18 months. Lesionvolume and FVC improved between 6 and 18 months.Trial registrationClinical Research Information Service Identifier: KCT0008573.
| S-EPMC11333807 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe psychological impact of COVID-19 can be substantial. However, knowledge about long-term psychological outcomes in patients with COVID-19 is scarce.ObjectiveIn this longitudinal, observational study, we aimed to reveal symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and symptoms of anxiety and depression up to 6 months after the onset of COVID-19-related symptoms in patients with confirmed COVID-19 and persistent complaints. To demonstrate the impact in nonhospitalized patients, we further aimed to compare these outcomes between nonhospitalized and hospitalized patients.MethodsDemographics, symptoms of PTSD (Trauma Screening Questionnaire [TSQ] ≥6 points) and symptoms of anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS] ≥8 points) were assessed at 3 and 6 months after the onset of COVID-19-related symptoms in members of online long COVID-19 peer support groups.ResultsData from 239 patients with confirmed COVID-19 (198/239, 82.8% female; median age: 50 [IQR 39-56] years) were analyzed. At the 3-month follow-up, 37.2% (89/239) of the patients had symptoms of PTSD, 35.6% (85/239) had symptoms of anxiety, and 46.9% (112/239) had symptoms of depression, which remained high at the 6-month follow-up (64/239, 26.8%, P=.001; 83/239, 34.7%, P=.90; 97/239, 40.6%, P=.08, respectively; versus the 3-month follow-up). TSQ scores and HADS anxiety and depression scores were strongly correlated at the 3- and 6-month follow-ups (r=0.63-0.71, P<.001). Symptoms of PTSD, anxiety, and depression were comparable between hospitalized (n=62) and nonhospitalized (n=177) patients.ConclusionsA substantial percentage of patients with confirmed COVID-19 and persistent complaints reported symptoms of PTSD, anxiety, or depression 3 and 6 months after the onset of COVID-19-related symptoms. The prevalence rates of symptoms of PTSD, anxiety, and depression were comparable between hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients and merely improved over time. Health care professionals need to be aware of these psychological complications and intervene on time in post-COVID-19 patients with persistent complaints.Trial registrationNetherlands Trial Register NTR8705; https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/8705.
| S-EPMC8914795 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundCoronavirus disease (COVID-19) survivors exhibit multisystemic alterations after hospitalization. Little is known about long-term imaging and pulmonary function of hospitalized patients intensive care unit (ICU) who survive COVID-19. We aimed to investigate long-term consequences of COVID-19 on the respiratory system of patients discharged from hospital ICU and identify risk factors associated with chest computed tomography (CT) lesion severity.MethodsA prospective cohort study of COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary hospital ICU in Brazil (March-August/2020), and followed-up six-twelve months after hospital admission. Initial assessment included: modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale, SpO2 evaluation, forced vital capacity, and chest X-Ray. Patients with alterations in at least one of these examinations were eligible for CT and pulmonary function tests (PFTs) approximately 16 months after hospital admission. Primary outcome: CT lesion severity (fibrotic-like or non-fibrotic-like). Baseline clinical variables were used to build a machine learning model (ML) to predict the severity of CT lesion.ResultsIn total, 326 patients (72%) were eligible for CT and PFTs. COVID-19 CT lesions were identified in 81.8% of patients, and half of them showed mild restrictive lung impairment and impaired lung diffusion capacity. Patients with COVID-19 CT findings were stratified into two categories of lesion severity: non-fibrotic-like (50.8%-ground-glass opacities/reticulations) and fibrotic-like (49.2%-traction bronchiectasis/architectural distortion). No association between CT feature severity and altered lung diffusion or functional restrictive/obstructive patterns was found. The ML detected that male sex, ICU and invasive mechanic ventilation (IMV) period, tracheostomy and vasoactive drug need during hospitalization were predictors of CT lesion severity(sensitivity,0.78±0.02;specificity,0.79±0.01;F1-score,0.78±0.02;positive predictive rate,0.78±0.02; accuracy,0.78±0.02; and area under the curve,0.83±0.01).ConclusionICU hospitalization due to COVID-19 led to respiratory system alterations six-twelve months after hospital admission. Male sex and critical disease acute phase, characterized by a longer ICU and IMV period, and need for tracheostomy and vasoactive drugs, were risk factors for severe CT lesions six-twelve months after hospital admission.
| S-EPMC9858876 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesThis study aimed to describe the burden of illness and impact on health and working situation among former intensive care patients treated for COVID-19.MethodsA prospective cohort study was performed at one intensive care unit of a university hospital in Sweden during the first wave of COVID-19 in spring 2020. The burden of illness in health status, cognitive, physical, and psychological outcomes, and working situation were assessed at four and 12 months after discharge from intensive care, using nine validated instruments.ResultsForty-six participants treated for COVID-19 participated in both follow-ups and were included in this study. General fatigue was reported by 37 of 46 participants (82%) at both follow-ups (p = 1.000). For overall health status 28 (61%) participants at the first follow-up and 26 (57%) (p = 0.414) at the second reported lower values than the general population. Cognitive impairment was seen in 22 (52%) participants at four months and in 13 (31%) at 12 months (p = 0.029). The proportion of participants on sick-leave decreased between the first and second follow-up (24% vs 13%, p = 0.025), but the proportion of participants working full-time was almost the same at both follow-ups (35% vs 37%, p = 0.317).ConclusionsThe burden of illness of patients treated in intensive care due to COVID-19 included cognitive, physical, and psychological impacts. Cognitive functions were improved after 12 months, but no clear improvements could be distinguished in the physical or psychological outcome. Higher burden of illness was associated with inability to return to work.
| S-EPMC9376301 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Abstract Symptoms of long coronavirus disease (COVID) were found in 38% of 170 patients followed for a median of 22.6 months. The most prevalent symptoms were fatigue, affected taste and smell, and difficulties remembering and concentrating. Predictors for long COVID were older age and number of symptoms in the acute phase. Long COVID may take many months, maybe years, to resolve.
| S-EPMC9308378 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundOlfactory and gustatory dysfunctions are early symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Between 20-80% of infected individuals report subjective altered sense of smell and/or taste during infection. Up to 2/3 of previously infected experience persistent olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunction after 6 months. The aim of this study was to examine subjective and psychophysical olfactory and gustatory function in non-hospitalized individuals with acute COVID-19 up to 6 months after infection.MethodsIndividuals aged 18-80-years with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test no older than 10 days, were eligible. Only individuals able to visit the outpatient examination facilities were included. Gustatory function was tested with the Burgharts Taste Strips and olfactory function was examined with the Brief Smell Identifications test (Danish version). Subjective symptoms were examined through an online questionnaire at inclusion, day 30, 90 and 180 after inclusion.ResultsFifty-eight SARS-CoV-2 positive and 56 negative controls were included. 58.6% (34/58) of SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals vs. 8.9% (5/56) of negative controls reported subjective olfactory dysfunction at inclusion. For gustatory dysfunction, 46.5% (27/58) of positive individuals reported impairment compared to 8.9% (5/56) of negative controls. In psychophysical tests, 75.9% (46/58) had olfactory dysfunction and 43.1% (25/58) had gustatory dysfunction among the SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals at inclusion. Compared to negative controls, SARS-CoV-2 infected had significantly reduced olfaction and gustation. Previously infected individuals continued to report lower subjective sense of smell 30 days after inclusion, whereafter the difference between the groups diminished. However, after 180 days, 20.7% (12/58) positive individuals still reported reduced sense of smell and taste.ConclusionOlfactory and gustatory dysfunctions are prevalent symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but there is inconsistency between subjective reporting and psychophysical test assessment of especially olfaction. Most individuals regain normal function after 30 days, but approximately 20% report persistent olfactory and gustatory dysfunction 6 months after infection.
| S-EPMC9529127 | biostudies-literature