Dataset Information

Contingency management for alcohol use disorder reduces cannabis use among American Indian and Alaska Native adults.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

Determine whether a culturally tailored contingency management (CM) intervention targeting alcohol abstinence resulted in secondary effects on cannabis use among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) adults.

Methods

The research team conducted this secondary data analysis to examine cannabis abstinence using data from a randomized control trial of CM for alcohol use among three AI/AN-serving organizations. One hundred and fifty-eight adults met the randomization criteria (i.e., submission of 50% or more urine samples and one alcohol-positive urine test during a 4-week, pre-randomization, observation period). For 12 weeks after randomization, participants received incentives for submitting a urine test negative for ethyl glucuronide (EtG < 150 ng/mL, CM group) or incentives for submitting a urine sample regardless of abstinence (Non-contingent [NC] Control group). Generalized linear mixed effects models assessed group differences in cannabis abstinence during the intervention, verified by urine tetrahydrocannabinol negative tests (11-nor-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid <50 ng/mL).

Results

At baseline, 42.2% (n = 35) of participants in the NC group and 40.0% (n = 30) of those in the CM group had a cannabis positive urine test. An overall intervention by time interaction was detected for a cannabis negative urine test (χ² = 13.40, p = 0.001). Compared to the NC group, the CM group had 3.92 (95% CI:1.23-12.46) times higher odds of having a cannabis negative urine test during the intervention period and 5.13 (95% CI:1.57-16.76) times higher odds of having a negative cannabis test at the end of intervention period.

Conclusion

CM addressing alcohol misuse may be an effective strategy for decreasing cannabis use among AI/AN adults.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov number, Identifier: NCT02174315.

SUBMITTER: Hirchak KA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9086134 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Contingency management for alcohol use disorder reduces cannabis use among American Indian and Alaska Native adults.

Hirchak Katherine A KA Lyons Abram J AJ Herron Jalene L JL Kordas Gordon G Shaw Jennifer L JL Jansen Kelley K Avey Jaedon P JP McPherson Sterling M SM Donovan Dennis D Roll John J Buchwald Dedra D Ries Richard R McDonell Michael G MG

Journal of substance abuse treatment 20211211

<h4>Objective</h4>Determine whether a culturally tailored contingency management (CM) intervention targeting alcohol abstinence resulted in secondary effects on cannabis use among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) adults.<h4>Methods</h4>The research team conducted this secondary data analysis to examine cannabis abstinence using data from a randomized control trial of CM for alcohol use among three AI/AN-serving organizations. One hundred and fifty-eight adults met the randomization crit ...[more]

PMID: 34952747

Similar Datasets

Project description:ImportanceIdentifying gaps in inclusivity of Indigenous individuals is key to diversifying academic medical programs, increasing American Indian and Alaska Native representation, and improving disparate morbidity and mortality outcomes in American Indian and Alaska Native populations.ObjectiveTo examine representation of American Indian and Alaska Native individuals at different stages in the 2018-2019 academic medical training continuum and trends (2011-2020) of American Indian and Alaska Native representation in residency specialties.Design, setting, and participantsA cross-sectional, population-based analysis was conducted using self-reported race and ethnicity data on trainees from the Association of American Medical Colleges (2018), the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (2011-2018), and the US Census (2018). Data were analyzed between February 18, 2020, and March 4, 2021.ExposuresEnrolled trainees at specific stages of medical training.Main outcomes and measuresThe primary outcome was the odds of representation of American Indian and Alaska Native individuals at successive academic medical stages in 2018-2019 compared with White individuals. Secondary outcomes comprised specialty-specific proportions of American Indian and Alaska Native residents from 2011 to 2020 and medical specialty-specific proportions of American Indian and Alaska Native physicians in 2018. Fisher exact tests were performed to calculate the odds of American Indian and Alaska Native representation at successive stages of medical training. Simple linear regressions were performed to assess trends across residency specialties.ResultsThe study data contained a total of 238 974 607 White and American Indian and Alaska Native US citizens, 24 795 US medical school applicants, 11 242 US medical school acceptees, 10 822 US medical school matriculants, 10 917 US medical school graduates, 59 635 residents, 518 874 active physicians, and 113 168 US medical school faculty. American Indian and Alaska Native individuals had a 63% lower odds of applying to medical school (odds ratio [OR], 0.37; 95% CI, 0.31-0.45) and 48% lower odds of holding a full-time faculty position (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.44-0.62) compared with their White counterparts, yet had 54% higher odds of working in a residency specialty deemed as a priority by the Indian Health Service (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.09-2.16). Of the 33 physician specialties analyzed, family medicine (0.55%) and pain medicine (0.46%) had more than an average proportion (0.41%) of American Indian and Alaska Native physicians compared with their representation across all specialties.Conclusions and relevanceThis cross-sectional study noted 2 distinct stages in medical training with significantly lower representation of American Indian and Alaska Native compared with White individuals. An actionable framework to guide academic medical institutions on their Indigenous diversification and inclusivity efforts is proposed.

Dataset Information

Contingency management for alcohol use disorder reduces cannabis use among American Indian and Alaska Native adults.

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Trial registration

Publications

Contingency management for alcohol use disorder reduces cannabis use among American Indian and Alaska Native adults.

Similar Datasets

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