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Species-specific oligonucleotides for enumeration of Pseudomonas putida F1, Burkholderia sp. strain JS150, and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 7003 in biodegradation experiments.

ABSTRACT: Species-specific sequences were identified within the V4 variable region of 16S rRNA of two bacterial species capable of aromatic hydrocarbon metabolism, Pseudomonas putida F1 and Burkholderia sp. strain JS150, and a third, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 7003, that can function as a secondary degrader. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with species-specific oligonucleotides was used for direct counting of these species throughout a phenol biodegradation experiment in batch culture. Traditional differential plate counting methods could not be used due to the similar metabolism and interactions of the primary degraders and difficulties in selecting secondary degraders in mixed culture. In contrast, the FISH method provided reliable quantitative results without interference from those factors.

SUBMITTER: DuTeau NM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC90954 | biostudies-literature | 1998 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Species-specific oligonucleotides for enumeration of Pseudomonas putida F1, Burkholderia sp. strain JS150, and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 7003 in biodegradation experiments.

DuTeau N M NM Rogers J D JD Bartholomay C T CT Reardon K F KF

Applied and environmental microbiology 19981201 12

Species-specific sequences were identified within the V4 variable region of 16S rRNA of two bacterial species capable of aromatic hydrocarbon metabolism, Pseudomonas putida F1 and Burkholderia sp. strain JS150, and a third, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 7003, that can function as a secondary degrader. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with species-specific oligonucleotides was used for direct counting of these species throughout a phenol biodegradation experiment in batch culture. Traditional di ...[more]

PMID: 9835594

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Project description:Perfluorinated carbon atoms in a diether linkage are common in commercial anesthetics, drugs, fungicides, and insecticides. An important chemical group comprising perfluorodiethers is the 2,2-fluoro-1,3-benzodioxole (DFBD) moiety. The fluorine atoms stabilize the molecule by mitigating against metabolism by humans and microbes, as used in drugs and pesticides, respectively. Pseudomonas putida F1 catalyzed defluorination of DFBD at an initial rate of 2,100 nmol/h per mg cellular protein. This is orders of magnitude higher than previously reported microbial defluorination rates with multiply fluorinated carbon atoms. Defluorination rates declined after several hours, and the medium darkened. Significant defluorination activity was observed with cells grown on toluene but not l-arginine. Defluorination required only toluene dioxygenase. Pseudomonas and recombinant Escherichia coli cells expressing toluene dioxygenase oxidized DFBD to DFBD-4,5-dihydrodiol. The dihydrodiol could be oxidized to 4,5-dihydroxy-DFBD via the dihydrodiol dehydrogenase from P. putida F1. The dihydrodiol dehydrated with acid to yield a mixture of 4-hydroxy-DFBD and 5-hydroxy-DFBD. All those metabolites retained the difluoromethylene group; no fluoride or dark color was observed. The major route of DFBD-4,5-dihydrodiol decomposition produced fluoride and 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene, or pyrogallol, and that was shown to be the source of the dark colors in the medium. A mechanism for DFBD-4,5-dihydrodiol transformation to two fluoride ions and pyrogallol is proposed. The Pseudomonas genome database and other databases revealed hundreds of bacteria with enzymes sharing high amino acid sequence identity to toluene dioxygenase from P. putida F1, suggesting the mechanism revealed here may apply to the defluorination of DFBD-containing compounds in the environment. IMPORTANCE There are more than 9,000 polyfluorinated compounds developed for commercial use, some negatively impacting human health, and they are generally considered to be resistant to biodegradation. Only a limited number of studies have identified microbes with enzymes sufficiently reactive to defluorinate difluoromethylene carbon groups. The present study examined one important group of commercial fluorinated chemicals and showed its rapid defluorination by a bacterium and its key enzyme, a Rieske dioxygenase. Rieske dioxygenases are common in environmental bacteria, and those closely resembling toluene dioxygenase from Pseudomonas putida F1 are candidates for biodegradative defluorination of the common 2,2-fluoro-1,3-benzodioxole (DFBD) moiety.

Dataset Information

Species-specific oligonucleotides for enumeration of Pseudomonas putida F1, Burkholderia sp. strain JS150, and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 7003 in biodegradation experiments.

Publications

Species-specific oligonucleotides for enumeration of Pseudomonas putida F1, Burkholderia sp. strain JS150, and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 7003 in biodegradation experiments.

Similar Datasets

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