Variant Guillain-Barre Syndrome Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: Case Report and Review of the Literature.
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SUBMITTER: Donaldson L
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9095850 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Mar
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Variant Guillain-Barre Syndrome Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: Case Report and Review of the Literature.
Donaldson Laura L Margolin Edward E
The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques 20220311 1
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Project description:Background Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has caused a pandemic that has recently affected every aspect of life. Fortunately, many vaccines with high safety and efficacy profiles were developed timely to face this pandemic. In a very short time, billions of people were vaccinated. In the meantime, a wide range of neurological syndromes are being reported. Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) which is a rare immune-mediated post-infectious peripheral neuropathy was reported after both the COVID-19 infection itself and many types of its vaccines. Methods We are reporting a case of post-AstraZeneca vaccine GBS and reviewing the literature of all reported post-COVID-19 vaccines GBS till July 2021. Results 29 adult patients were reported. Of them 58.6% were males. Their mean age is 58.2 years. The median time to clinical onset after vaccine administration was 13.2 days. 86.2% of patients had their symptoms following immunization with the 1st dose of AstraZeneca vector-based covid vaccine. Facial palsy was the most predominant single symptom in 75.8% of patients. Conclusion Guillain-Barré syndrome is a well-recognized but still rare adverse event following vaccination against COVID-19. Although preliminary data incriminates viral vector-based vaccines more than the other types, active post-vaccination surveillance and more powerful statistics are mandatory to reach a solid conclusion regarding the presence of a causal relation.
| S-EPMC8864061 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionCorona viruses may also affect the central nervous system, inducing various neurological problems. Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is a rare immune-mediated post-infectious neuropathy typically leading to ascending weakness. Herein, we present a case of the patient to show an association of GBS and SARS-CoV-2 infection in Nepal.Case presentationTwenty-seven yrs old man show an association of GBS and SARS-CoV-2 infection in Nepal who presented with difficulty in walking, backache, tingling sensations over the bilateral wrist and ankle, and features of facial nerve palsy. The diagnosis of GBS was made. Following Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIg) administration, the patient started showing motor recovery within a week.Clinical discussionPatient who developed GBS as a likely post-infectious complication after the initial onset of infectious symptoms with persistent mild dry cough.ConclusionGBS has severe complications and early diagnosis is important to monitor for loss of ambulation and initiation of immunoglobulin treatment. GBS should be considered as a potential rare but serious complication due to COVID-19.
| S-EPMC9339100 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In recent months, the new beta-coronavirus has caused a pandemic with symptoms affecting mainly the respiratory system. It is established that the virus may play a neurotropic role and in recent months several cases of Guillain-Barré-Strohl syndrome (GBS) have been reported in patients infected with COVID-19. We report the case of a 54-year-old patient with acute demyelinating polyneuropathy during infection by SARS-CoV-2 who progressed clinically to require assisted ventilation. After several weeks of specific symptomatic treatment, the patient had a favorable outcome. In conclusion, despite being a rare complication, we think it is important to consider the possibility of diffuse involvement of the peripheral nervous system in patients with COVID-19 to adjust clinical monitoring and treatment in these cases.
| S-EPMC7420397 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundGuillain-Barre syndrome after myocardial infarction occurs infrequently, and its occurrence following percutaneous coronary intervention is extremely rare. Due to the high mortality rate of myocardial infarction and the disability of Guillain-Barre syndrome, early identification of Guillain-Barre syndrome after myocardial infarction and early intervention can decrease the mortality rate, lead to early recovery, and provide a better outcome.Case presentationHerein, we reported a rare case of Guillain-Barre syndrome after myocardial infarction treated with percutaneous coronary intervention. The patient was a 75-year-old woman from China who was admitted to hospital due to sudden loss of consciousness. Electrocardiography showed acute myocardial infarction in the right ventricle and inferior and posterior walls. The patient underwent emergency percutaneous intervention of the posterior collateral artery of the right coronary artery. Soon after, her condition worsened resulting in limb weakness and numbness. Unfortunately, she continued to develop respiratory failure, and treated with intravenous immunoglobulin and ventilator-assisted breathing. A physical examination showed hypotonia of all four limbs, complete quadriplegia, bulbar palsy, dysarthria, and tendon areflexia. Serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G anti-ganglioside antibody analysis was positive with anti-GT1a antibodies (+ +), anti-GM1 antibodies ( +), anti-GM2 antibodies ( +), and anti-GM4 antibodies ( +), and he was diagnosed with Guillain-Barre syndrome after myocardial infarction. She was discharged due to poor response to treatment. The patient died two days after being discharged.ConclusionsMyocardial infarction and/or percutaneous coronary intervention may activate immune-mediated response and cause severe complications. Clinician should be alert to Guillain-Barre syndrome after myocardial infarction and/or percutaneous coronary intervention.
| S-EPMC10150548 | biostudies-literature
Project description:During the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Northern Italy, we observed a 57-year-old man developing acute motor-sensory axonal neuropathy, a variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), 12 days after severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Similarly to other bacterial and viral infections, dysregulation of the immune system due to post-infectious mechanisms, such as the molecular mimicry, could lead to an indirect damage of the peripheral nervous system related to SARS-CoV-2. GBS causes motor dysfunctions that are not easily recognizable in non-neurological settings or in patients requiring ventilatory assistance. Several reports also suggested that GBS and Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) could be neurological complications of COVID-19. Therefore, we performed a review of the 29 articles so far published, describing 33 GBS cases and five MFS cases associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. We recommend awareness of this rare, but treatable, neurological syndrome, which may also determine a sudden and otherwise unexplained respiratory deterioration in COVID-19 patients.
| S-EPMC7471770 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundHepatitis E infection is a global disorder that causes substantial morbidity. Numerous neurologic illnesses, including Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), have occurred in patients with hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection.Case presentationWe report a 58 year-old non-immunocompromised man who presented with progressive muscle weakness in all extremities during an episode of acute HEV infection, which was confirmed by measuring the anti-HEV IgM antibodies in the serum. Both cerebrospinal fluid examination and electrophysiological study were in agreement with the diagnosis of HEV-associated GBS. Following the treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin, the patient's neurological condition improved rapidly.ConclusionsHEV infection should be strongly considered in patients with neurological symptoms, especially those with elevated levels of liver enzymes.
| S-EPMC5778630 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In response to the recent pandemic, vaccines have been developed for large-scale immunization. Despite safety and efficacy verified by health authorities, Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) remains a risk of unexpected adverse reactions. Since COVID-19-related GBS cases have largely been reported in Europe, vaccines involving viral genetic materials can potentially trigger GBS, as demonstrated in clinical trials in the Americas. Therefore, medical professionals should be aware of GBS as a potential adverse reaction in SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Consultation with a neurologist may be needed. Nevertheless, this is not to say that the use of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 should be suspended and that the association between GBS and the vaccine is confirmed or excluded. The benefits of vaccine still outweigh potential adverse effects.
| S-EPMC8381782 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and purposeThe spectrum of COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection (SARS-CoV-2), includes different neurologic manifestations of the central and peripheral nervous system.MethodsFrom March through April 2020, in two university hospitals located in western Switzerland, we examined three patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) following SARS-CoV-2.ResultsThese cases were characterized by a primary demyelinating electrophysiological pattern (Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy or AIDP) and a less severe disease course compared to recently published case series. Clinical improvement was observed in all patients at week five. One patient was discharged from hospital after full recovery with persistence of minor neurological signs (areflexia). Two of the three patients remained hospitalized: one was able to walk and the other could stand up with assistance.ConclusionsWe report three cases of typical GBS (AIDP) occurring after SARS-CoV-2 infection and presenting with a favourable clinical course. Given the interval between COVID-19-related symptoms and neurological manifestations (mean of 15 days) we postulate a secondary immune-mediated mechanism rather than direct viral damage.
| S-EPMC7300656 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Ever since the start of the pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 has taken the lives of millions of people around the globe. Several COVID-19 vaccines have been developed with rapidity to prevent acquiring COVID-19 infection, hospitalizations, and deaths. The routine side effects of these vaccines are commonly known and non-severe. Few serious side effects such as thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS) and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) are increasingly reported particularly after inoculation with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Oxford/AstraZeneca) and Ad26.COV 2.S (Johnson & Johnson's Janssen). Rare cases of GBS after BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech), an mRNA vaccine, are also reported. However, the true association of these cases to COVID-19 continues to be unclear and the safety of these vaccines continues to be great in preventing deaths from COVID-19 infection. We report a case of middle-aged female who had a gradual onset of lower extremity weakness with a nadir of symptoms reached 10 and 12 weeks after the onset. This protracted course (sub-acute) is atypical for a "classical" GBS. The presence of an antecedent event, autonomic symptoms such as hypotension, and the need for ventilator support favored the diagnosis of GBS than chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). This is the first known case to be reported of sub-acute onset of Guillain-Barré syndrome after receiving the mRNA-1273 vaccine.Supplementary informationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42399-022-01124-1.
| S-EPMC8764171 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus strain 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a beta-coronavirus that emerged as a global threat and caused a pandemic following its first outbreak in Wuhan, China, in late 2019. SARS-CoV-2 causes COVID-19, a disease ranging from relatively mild to severe illness. Older people and those with many serious underlying medical conditions such as diabetes, heart or lung conditions are at higher risk for developing severe complications from COVID-19 illness. SARS-CoV-2 infections of adults can lead to neurological complications ranging from headaches, loss of taste and smell, to Guillain-Barré syndrome, an autoimmune disease characterized by neurological deficits. Herein we attempt to describe the neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV2 infection with a special focus on Guillain-Barré syndrome.
| S-EPMC8400745 | biostudies-literature