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Androgen-induced insulin resistance is ameliorated by deletion of hepatic androgen receptor in females.

ABSTRACT: Androgen excess is one of the most common endocrine disorders of reproductive-aged women, affecting up to 20% of this population. Women with elevated androgens often exhibit hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. The mechanisms of how elevated androgens affect metabolic function are not clear. Hyperandrogenemia in a dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-treated female mouse model induces whole body insulin resistance possibly through activation of the hepatic androgen receptor (AR). We investigated the role of hepatocyte AR in hyperandrogenemia-induced metabolic dysfunction by using several approaches to delete hepatic AR via animal-, cell-, and clinical-based methodologies. We conditionally disrupted hepatocyte AR in female mice developmentally (LivARKO) or acutely by tail vein injection of an adeno-associated virus with a liver-specific promoter for Cre expression in AR^fl/fl mice (adLivARKO). We observed normal metabolic function in littermate female Control (AR^fl/fl ) and LivARKO (AR^fl/fl ; Cre^+/- ) mice. Following chronic DHT treatment, female Control mice treated with DHT (Con-DHT) developed impaired glucose tolerance, pyruvate tolerance, and insulin tolerance, not observed in LivARKO mice treated with DHT (LivARKO-DHT). Furthermore, during an euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, the glucose infusion rate was improved in LivARKO-DHT mice compared to Con-DHT mice. Liver from LivARKO, and primary hepatocytes derived from LivARKO, and adLivARKO mice were protected from DHT-induced insulin resistance and increased gluconeogenesis. These data support a paradigm in which elevated androgens in females disrupt metabolic function via hepatic AR and insulin sensitivity was restored by deletion of hepatic AR.

SUBMITTER: Andrisse S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9097557 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Androgen-induced insulin resistance is ameliorated by deletion of hepatic androgen receptor in females.

Andrisse Stanley S Feng Mingxiao M Wang Zhiqiang Z Awe Olubusayo O Yu Lexiang L Zhang Haiying H Bi Sheng S Wang Hongbing H Li Linhao L Joseph Serene S Heller Nicola N Mauvais-Jarvis Franck F Wong Guang William GW Segars James J Wolfe Andrew A Divall Sara S Ahima Rexford R Wu Sheng S

FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 20211001 10

Androgen excess is one of the most common endocrine disorders of reproductive-aged women, affecting up to 20% of this population. Women with elevated androgens often exhibit hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. The mechanisms of how elevated androgens affect metabolic function are not clear. Hyperandrogenemia in a dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-treated female mouse model induces whole body insulin resistance possibly through activation of the hepatic androgen receptor (AR). We investigated the ro ...[more]

PMID: 34547140

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Project description:Background & aimsObesity-related insulin resistance contributes to cardiovascular disease. Cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB(1)) blockade improves insulin sensitivity in obese animals and people, suggesting endocannabinoid involvement. We explored the role of hepatic CB(1) in insulin resistance and inhibition of insulin signaling pathways.MethodsWild-type mice and mice with disruption of CB(1) (CB(1)(-/-) mice) or with hepatocyte-specific deletion or transgenic overexpression of CB(1) were maintained on regular chow or a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity and insulin resistance. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp analysis was used to analyze the role of the liver and hepatic CB(1) in HFD-induced insulin resistance. The cellular mechanisms of insulin resistance were analyzed in mouse and human isolated hepatocytes using small interfering or short hairpin RNAs and lentiviral knockdown of gene expression.ResultsThe HFD induced hepatic insulin resistance in wild-type mice, but not in CB(1)(-/-) mice or mice with hepatocyte-specific deletion of CB(1). CB(1)(-/-) mice that overexpressed CB(1) specifically in hepatocytes became hyperinsulinemic as a result of reduced insulin clearance due to down-regulation of the insulin-degrading enzyme. However, they had increased hepatic glucose production due to increased glycogenolysis, indicating hepatic insulin resistance; this was further increased by the HFD. In mice with hepatocytes that express CB(1), the HFD or CB(1) activation induced the endoplasmic reticulum stress response via activation of the Bip-PERK-eIF2α protein translation pathway. In hepatocytes isolated from human or mouse liver, CB(1) activation caused endoplasmic reticulum stress-dependent suppression of insulin-induced phosphorylation of akt-2 via phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine-307 and by inducing the expression of the serine and threonine phosphatase Phlpp1. Expression of CB(1) was up-regulated in samples from patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.ConclusionsEndocannabinoids contribute to diet-induced insulin resistance in mice via hepatic CB(1)-mediated inhibition of insulin signaling and clearance.

Project description:Overnutrition and insulin resistance are especially prominent risk factors for the development of cardiac diastolic dysfunction in females. We recently reported that consumption of a Western diet (WD) containing excess fat (46%), sucrose (17.5%), and high fructose corn syrup (17.5%) for 16 weeks resulted in cardiac diastolic dysfunction and aortic stiffening in young female mice and that these abnormalities were prevented by mineralocorticoid receptor blockade. Herein, we extend those studies by testing whether WD-induced diastolic dysfunction and factors contributing to diastolic impairment, such as cardiac fibrosis, hypertrophy, inflammation, and impaired insulin signaling, are modulated by excess endothelial cell mineralocorticoid receptor signaling. Four-week-old female endothelial cell mineralocorticoid receptor knockout and wild-type mice were fed mouse chow or WD for 4 months. WD feeding resulted in prolonged relaxation time, impaired diastolic septal wall motion, and increased left ventricular filling pressure indicative of diastolic dysfunction. This occurred in concert with myocardial interstitial fibrosis and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy that were associated with enhanced profibrotic (transforming growth factor β1/Smad) and progrowth (S6 kinase-1) signaling, as well as myocardial oxidative stress and a proinflammatory immune response. WD also induced cardiomyocyte stiffening, assessed ex vivo using atomic force microscopy. Conversely, endothelial cell mineralocorticoid receptor deficiency prevented WD-induced diastolic dysfunction, profibrotic, and progrowth signaling, in conjunction with reductions in macrophage proinflammatory polarization and improvements in insulin metabolic signaling. Therefore, our findings indicate that increased endothelial cell mineralocorticoid receptor signaling associated with consumption of a WD plays a key role in the activation of cardiac profibrotic, inflammatory, and growth pathways that lead to diastolic dysfunction in female mice.

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Androgen-induced insulin resistance is ameliorated by deletion of hepatic androgen receptor in females.

Publications

Androgen-induced insulin resistance is ameliorated by deletion of hepatic androgen receptor in females.

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