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Sibling alcohol use disorder is associated with increased risk for suicide attempt.

ABSTRACT: The association between having a sibling diagnosed with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and risk for suicide attempt may be attributable to shared genetic liability between AUD and suicidal behavior, effects of environmental exposure to a sibling's AUD, or both. To distinguish between these alternatives, we conducted a series of Cox regression models using data derived from Swedish population-based registers with national coverage. Among full sibling pairs (656,807 males and 607,096 females), we found that proband risk for suicide attempt was significantly elevated when their sibling was affected by AUD, even after accounting for the proband's AUD status. Further, risk for proband suicide attempt was consistently higher when the sibling's AUD registration had occurred more recently. Our findings provide evidence for exposure to sibling AUD as an environmental risk factor for suicide attempt and suggest that clinical outreach may be warranted following a sibling's diagnosis with AUD.

SUBMITTER: Stephenson ME

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9119630 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Sibling alcohol use disorder is associated with increased risk for suicide attempt.

Stephenson Mallory E ME Lönn Sara Larsson SL Salvatore Jessica E JE Sundquist Jan J Kendler Kenneth S KS Sundquist Kristina K Edwards Alexis C AC

Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science 20210623 2

The association between having a sibling diagnosed with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and risk for suicide attempt may be attributable to shared genetic liability between AUD and suicidal behavior, effects of environmental exposure to a sibling's AUD, or both. To distinguish between these alternatives, we conducted a series of Cox regression models using data derived from Swedish population-based registers with national coverage. Among full sibling pairs (656,807 males and 607,096 females), we foun ...[more]

PMID: 35599838

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Project description:ImportanceSuicide attempts are prevalent among female youths, yet little is known about the subsequent development of substance use disorders.ObjectiveTo assess the association between suicide attempts among females before 20 years of age and future risk of substance use disorders.Design, setting, and participantsIn this longitudinal cohort study, females aged 8 to 19 years (hereafter referred to as youths) who attempted suicide were matched with female youths with no attempt between April 1, 1989, and March 31, 2019, in Quebec, Canada. The cohort was followed up for 31 years, for a total of 2 409 396 person-years, to identify subsequent substance use disorders.ExposuresConfirmed suicide attempts among females 8 to 19 years of age.Main outcomes and measuresThe main outcome measure was hospitalization for a substance use disorder later in life. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for the association of suicide attempt with substance use disorders were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for baseline age, mental illness, resource-limited socioeconomic status, and year at start of follow-up.ResultsAmong 122 234 female youths (mean [SD] age, 15.6 [1.9] years), 5840 (4.8%) attempted suicide and 4341 (3.6%) developed a substance use disorder. Compared with the 116 394 matched female youths who did not attempt suicide (95.2%), those who attempted suicide had a greater risk of hospitalization for any substance use disorder during the follow-up period (HR, 6.03; 95% CI, 5.39-6.77), especially sedative or hypnotic use disorders (HR, 32.24; 95% CI, 23.29-44.64). Suicide attempt was associated with the development of sedative or hypnotic use disorders up to 5 years (HR, 66.69; 95% CI, 34.72-128.09), although risks remained elevated up to 3 decades later for all substances. Compared with those without suicide attempt, female youths with 3 or more suicide attempts had 21.20 (95% CI, 13.53-32.90) times the risk of substance use disorders, whereas female youths with 1 attempt had 5.70 (95% CI, 5.08-6.41) times the risk of these disorders.Conclusions and relevanceIn this cohort study, female youths who attempted suicide had increased risk of subsequent substance use disorders compared with female youths who did not attempt suicide. These findings suggest that closer management and prevention of substance use among female youths who attempt suicide may be beneficial.

Dataset Information

Sibling alcohol use disorder is associated with increased risk for suicide attempt.

Publications

Sibling alcohol use disorder is associated with increased risk for suicide attempt.

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