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Clinical Features and Duration of Viral Shedding in Individuals With SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant Infection.

ABSTRACT: We analyzed the duration of infectivity of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant by viral culture of respiratory samples collected daily from isolated patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The culture positivity rate of the Omicron variant was higher than that of the Delta variant within 8 days after symptom onset.

SUBMITTER: Jang YR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9129180 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Clinical Features and Duration of Viral Shedding in Individuals With SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant Infection.

Jang Young R YR Kim Jeong-Min JM Rhee Jee E JE Kim Dongju D Lee Nam-Joo NJ Lee Hyeokjin H Kim Jong-Hun JH Kim Eun-Jin EJ Kim Jin Y JY

Open forum infectious diseases 20220509 7

We analyzed the duration of infectivity of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant by viral culture of respiratory samples collected daily from isolated patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The culture positivity rate of the Omicron variant was higher than that of the Delta variant within 8 days after symptom onset. ...[more]

PMID: 35855961

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Project description:BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory-related disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). More than 200 countries worldwide are affected by this disease. The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is the major epidemic variant worldwide and is characterized by higher infectivity. However, the immunity and risk factors for prolonged viral elimination in patients with non-severe SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infections are unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relationship between immunity and duration of viral elimination in non-severe SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant-infected patients in Shanghai.MethodsIn total, 108 non-severe SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant-infected patients from Shanghai New International Expo Center Fangcang Shelter Hospital were recruited in this study. They were further allocated to the early elimination (EE) and prolonged elimination (PE) groups according to SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid positivity duration.ResultsCompared to patients with EE, those with PE had increased serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-5, IL-6, and IL-8; higher neutrophil count and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR); lower lymphocyte, eosinophil, and red blood cell counts; and lower concentrations of hemoglobin and albumin (ALB). In lymphocyte subpopulation analysis, lower numbers of CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and NK cells and a higher CD4/CD8 ratio were observed in patients with PE. In addition, correlation analysis results revealed that cycle threshold values of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant ORF1ab and N were negatively correlated with IL-6 and IL-8 levels and positively correlated with eosinophil count in patients with COVID-19. Finally, multivariate regression analysis showed that ALB, CD4/CD8 ratio, NLR, and eosinophil count were predictors of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant elimination.ConclusionIn this study, we identified that the ALB, CD4/CD8 ratio, NLR, and eosinophil count were risk factors for prolonged viral elimination in non-severe SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant-infected patients. These factors might be efficient indicators in the diagnosis, evaluation, and prognosis monitoring of the disease.

Project description:ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical characteristics and risk factors of viral shedding time in mildly symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant (BA.2 and BA2.2) infection in Shanghai, and the effect of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment, so as to provide a reference basis for epidemic prevention, control and clinical treatment.MethodsA total of 6,134 asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic Omicron-infected patients admitted to Tianhua Road fangcang shelter hospital in Jinshan, Shanghai, between April 2022 and May 2022 were included. Demographic characteristics and clinical histories were collected and compared in subgroups according to the different durations of viral shedding. Spearman's correlation analysis was performed to explore the association between virus shedding time and clinical variables. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the risk factors for viral shedding time.ResultMost patients with asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic Omicron infection were male, and more than half of patients had a viral shedding time of 8-15 days. The patients were divided into three groups according to the time of viral shedding: short-duration (≤ 7 days), intermediate-duration (8-15 days) and long-duration group (≥16 days). The proportion of patients aged ≤ 29 years was the highest in the short-duration group (30.2%), whereas the proportion of patients aged 50-64 yeas was the highest in the long-duration group (37.9%). The proportion of patients with the chronic non-communicable diseases among the short-, intermediate- and long-duration groups was 6.2, 9.4, and 14.9%, respectively. Among them, hypertension was the most found (4.9, 7.8, and 11.7%, respectively). By multivariate analyses, we identified that viral shedding time of Omicron variants was independently negatively correlated with male patients, TCM treatment, and manual laborers, while it was independently positively associated with age and hypertension. Additionally, TCM treatment could significantly shorten the length of viral shedding time, especially for men, age ≥30 years, comorbid chronic non-communicable diseases, unemployed people and manual worker.ConclusionsOur results suggested that age and hypertension were independent risk factors for the duration of viral shedding in asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic omicron infected patients. TCM can effectively shorten viral shedding time.

Dataset Information

Clinical Features and Duration of Viral Shedding in Individuals With SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant Infection.

Publications

Clinical Features and Duration of Viral Shedding in Individuals With SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant Infection.

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