Dataset Information

Geographic variation in COVID-19 vulnerability by legal immigration status in California: a prepandemic cross-sectional study.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

To quantify COVID-19 vulnerabilities for Californian residents by their legal immigration status and place of residence.

Design

Secondary data analysis of cross-sectional population-representative survey data.

Data

All adult respondents in the restricted version of the California Health Interview Survey (2015-2020, n=128 528).

Outcome measure

Relative Social Vulnerability Indices for COVID-19 by legal immigration status and census region across six domains: socioeconomic vulnerability; demography and disability; minority status and language barriers; high housing density; epidemiological risk; and access to care.

Results

Undocumented immigrants living in Southern California's urban areas (Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego-Imperial) have exceptionally high vulnerabilities due to low socioeconomic status, high language barriers, high housing density and low access to care. San Joaquin Valley is home to vulnerable immigrant groups and a US-born population with the highest demographic and epidemiological risk for severe COVID-19.

Conclusion

Interventions to mitigate public health crises must explicitly consider immigrants' dual disadvantage from social vulnerability and exclusionary state and federal safety-net policies.

SUBMITTER: Sohn H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9130646 | biostudies-literature | 2022 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Geographic variation in COVID-19 vulnerability by legal immigration status in California: a prepandemic cross-sectional study.

Sohn Heeju H Aqua Jasmine Ko JK

BMJ open 20220524 5

<h4>Objective</h4>To quantify COVID-19 vulnerabilities for Californian residents by their legal immigration status and place of residence.<h4>Design</h4>Secondary data analysis of cross-sectional population-representative survey data.<h4>Data</h4>All adult respondents in the restricted version of the California Health Interview Survey (2015-2020, n=128 528).<h4>Outcome measure</h4>Relative Social Vulnerability Indices for COVID-19 by legal immigration status and census region across six domains: ...[more]

PMID: 35613755

Similar Datasets

Project description:ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to examine the magnitude and pattern of small-area geographic variation in rates of preventable hospitalisations for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions (ACSC) across Canada (excluding Québec).Design and settingA cross-sectional study conducted in Canada (excluding Québec) using data from the 2006 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort (CanCHEC) linked prospectively to hospitalisation records from the Discharge Abstract Database (DAD) for the three fiscal years: 2006-2007, 2007-2008 and 2008-2009.Primary outcome measurePreventable hospitalisations (ACSC).ParticipantsThe 2006 CanCHEC represents a population of 22 562 120 individuals in Canada (excluding Québec). Of this number, 2 940 150 (13.03%) individuals were estimated to be hospitalised at least once during the 2006-2009 fiscal years.MethodsAge-standardised annualised ACSC hospitalisation rates per 100 000 population were computed for each of the 190 Census Divisions. To assess the magnitude of Census Division-level geographic variation in rates of preventable hospitalisations, the global Moran's I statistic was computed. 'Hot spot' analysis was used to identify the pattern of geographic variation.ResultsOf all the hospitalisation events reported in Canada during the 2006-2009 fiscal years, 337 995 (7.10%) events were ACSC-related hospitalisations. The Moran's I statistic (Moran's I=0.355) suggests non-randomness in the spatial distribution of preventable hospitalisations. The findings from the 'hot spot' analysis indicate a cluster of Census Divisions located in predominantly rural and remote parts of Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan and in eastern and northern parts of Nunavut with significantly higher than average rates of preventable hospitalisation.ConclusionThe knowledge generated on the small-area geographic variation in preventable hospitalisations can inform regional, provincial and national decision makers on planning, allocation of resources and monitoring performance of health service providers.

Project description:ObjectiveTo study the magnitude and direction of city-level racial and ethnic differences in poverty and education to characterise health equity and social determinants of health in California cities.DesignWe used data from the American Community Survey, United States Census Bureau, 2006-2010, and calculated differences in the prevalence of poverty and low educational attainment in adults by race/ethnicity and by census tracts within California cities. For race/ethnicity comparisons, when the referent group (p2) to calculate the difference (p1-p2) was the non-Hispanic White population (considered a historically advantaged group), a positive difference was considered a health inequity. Differences with a non-White reference group were considered health disparities.SettingCities of the State of California, USA.ResultsWithin-city differences in the prevalence of poverty and low educational attainment disfavoured Black and Latinos compared with Whites in over 78% of the cities. Compared with Whites, the median within-city poverty difference was 7.0% for Latinos and 6.2% for Blacks. For education, median within-city difference was 26.6% for Latinos compared with Whites. In a small, but not negligible proportion of cities, historically disadvantaged race/ethnicity groups had better social determinants of health outcomes than Whites. The median difference between the highest and lowest census tracts within cities was 14.3% for poverty and 15.7% for low educational attainment. Overall city poverty rate was weakly, but positively correlated with within-city racial/ethnic differences.ConclusionsDisparities and inequities are widespread in California. Local health departments can use these findings to partner with cities in their jurisdiction and design strategies to reduce racial, ethnic and geographic differences in economic and educational outcomes. These analytic methods could be used in an ongoing surveillance system to monitor these determinants of health.

Project description:ImportanceCurrent US immigration policy targets immigrants from Mexico and other Latin American countries; anti-immigration rhetoric has possible implications for the US-born children of immigrant parents.ObjectiveTo assess whether concerns about immigration policy are associated with worse mental and physical health among US citizen children of Latino immigrants.Design, setting, and participantsThis study of cohort data from the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS), a long-term study of Mexican farmworker families in the Salinas Valley region of California, included a sample of US-born adolescents (n = 397) with at least 1 immigrant parent. These adolescents underwent a health assessment before the 2016 presidential election (at age 14 years) and in the first year after the election (at age 16 years). Data were analyzed from March 23, 2018, to February 14, 2019.ExposuresAdolescents aged 16 years self-reported their concern about immigration policy using 2 subscales (Threat to Family and Children's Vulnerability) of the Perceived Immigration Policy Effects Scale (PIPES) instrument.Main outcomes and measuresResting systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure; body mass index; maternal- and self-reported depression and anxiety problems (using Behavioral Assessment System for Children, 2nd edition); self-reported sleep quality (using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI]); and maternal rating of child's overall health. All measures except sleep quality were assessed at both the aged-14-years and aged-16-years visits. Health outcomes at age 16 years and the change in outcomes between ages 14 and 16 years were examined among youth participants who reported low or moderate PIPES scores vs high PIPES scores.ResultsIn the sample of 397 US-born Latino adolescents (207 [52.1%] female) and primarily Mexican American individuals, nearly half of the youth participants worried at least sometimes about the personal consequences of the US immigration policy (n = 178 [44.8%]), family separation because of deportation (177 [44.6%]), and being reported to the immigration office (164 [41.3%]). Those with high compared with low or moderate PIPES scores had higher self-reported mean anxiety T scores (5.43; 95% CI, 2.64-8.23), higher maternally reported anxiety T scores (2.98; 95% CI, 0.53-5.44), and worse PSQI scores (0.98; 95% CI, 0.36-1.59). Youth participants with high PIPES scores reported statistically significantly increased levels of anxiety over the 2 visits (adjusted mean difference-in-differences, 2.91; 95% CI, 0.20-5.61) and not significantly increased levels of depression (adjusted mean difference-in-differences, 2.63; 95% CI, -0.28 to 5.54).Conclusions and relevanceFear and worry about the personal consequences of current US immigration policy and rhetoric appear to be associated with higher anxiety levels, sleep problems, and blood pressure changes among US-born Latino adolescents; anxiety significantly increased after the 2016 presidential election.

Dataset Information

Geographic variation in COVID-19 vulnerability by legal immigration status in California: a prepandemic cross-sectional study.

Objective

Design

Data

Outcome measure

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Geographic variation in COVID-19 vulnerability by legal immigration status in California: a prepandemic cross-sectional study.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets