Dataset Information

The contribution of smoking-attributable mortality to differences in mortality and life expectancy among US African-American and white adults, 2000-2019.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The role of smoking in racial disparities in mortality and life expectancy in the United States has been examined previously, but up-to-date estimates are generally unavailable, even though smoking prevalence has declined in recent decades.

Objective

We estimate the contribution of smoking-attributable mortality to observed differences in mortality and life expectancy for US African-American and white adults from 2000-2019.

Methods

The indirect Preston-Glei-Wilmoth method was used with national vital statistics and population data and nationally representative never-smoker lung cancer death rates to estimate the smoking-attributable fraction (SAF) of deaths in the United States by sex-race group from 2000-2019. Mortality rates without smoking-attributable mortality were used to estimate life expectancy at age 50 (e ₅₀) by group during the period.

Results

African-American men had the highest estimated SAF during the period, beginning at 26.4% (95% CI:25.0%-27.8%) in 2000 and ending at 12.1% (95% CI:11.4%-12.8%) in 2019. The proportion of the difference in e ₅₀ for white and African-American men that was due to smoking decreased from 27.7% to 14.8%. For African-American and white women, the estimated differences in e ₅₀ without smoking-attributable mortality were similar to observed differences.

Conclusions

Smoking continues to contribute to racial disparities in mortality and life expectancy among men in the United States.

Contribution

We present updated estimates of the contribution of smoking to mortality differences in the United States using nationally representative data sources.

SUBMITTER: Rostron BL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9134211 | biostudies-literature | 2022 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

The contribution of smoking-attributable mortality to differences in mortality and life expectancy among US African-American and white adults, 2000-2019.

Rostron Brian L BL Lynn Brittny C Davis BCD Chang Cindy M CM Ren Chunfeng C Salazar Esther E Ambrose Bridget K BK

Demographic research 20220501

<h4>Background</h4>The role of smoking in racial disparities in mortality and life expectancy in the United States has been examined previously, but up-to-date estimates are generally unavailable, even though smoking prevalence has declined in recent decades.<h4>Objective</h4>We estimate the contribution of smoking-attributable mortality to observed differences in mortality and life expectancy for US African-American and white adults from 2000-2019.<h4>Methods</h4>The indirect Preston-Glei-Wilmo ...[more]

PMID: 35645610

Similar Datasets

Project description:BackgroundWhile reductions in child mortality have been observed across sub-Saharan African countries in the last 30 years, narrowing the gaps in under-five mortality across socioeconomic groups also requires an understanding of the multiple associations between health and welfare and socioeconomic drivers. We examined the probability density distributions in under-five mortality within countries and joint pathways of under-five mortality and wealth over time.MethodsWe used 69 Demographic and Health Surveys and 19 Malaria Indicator Surveys from 30 sub-Saharan African countries, with each country having at least two surveys conducted since 2000. We constructed a cross-country wealth index and estimated under-five death prevalence. We examined the pure distribution in under-five mortality prevalence and the joint probability distribution of wealth and under-five mortality prevalence over time, including the area of confidence ellipse which spanned the two dimensions of mortality and wealth and covered 75% of the mass of the joint distribution.ResultsMost countries experienced decreases in under-five mortality along with increases in wealth over time. However, we observed great variations in the evolution of the joint distributions across countries over time. For instance, the areas of confidence ellipse ranged from 0.178 in Ethiopia (2000) to 1.119 in Angola (2006). The change (over time) in the area of confidence ellipses ranged from 0.010 in Tanzania to 0.844 in Angola between the 2000s and 2010s. The ranking of country performance on under-five mortality varied greatly, depending on whether performance summary indicators were based on disaggregation by wealth or on full non-disaggregated distributions.ConclusionsOur analysis points to the relevance of full distributions of health and joint distributions of health and wealth as complementary indicators of distributions of health across socioeconomic status, in assessing country performance on health.

Project description:BackgroundGlobally, colorectal cancer (CRC) imposes a substantial burden on healthcare systems and confers considerable medical expenditures. We aimed to evaluate the global and regional burden in epidemiological trends and factors associated with the incidence and mortality of CRC.MethodsWe used data from the GLOBOCAN database to estimate CRC incidence and mortality worldwide in 2020 and their association with the human development index (HDI). Trends of age-standardized rates of incidence and mortality in 60 countries (2000-2019) were evaluated by Joinpoint regression analysis using data of Global Burden of Disease 2019. The association between exposure to country-level lifestyle, metabolic and socioeconomic factors obtained from the World Health Organization Global Health Observatory and World Bank DataBank data and CRC incidence and mortality was determined by multivariable linear regression.ResultsCRC incidence and mortality varied greatly in the 60 selected countries, and much higher incidence and mortality were observed in countries with higher HDIs, and vice versa. From 2000 to 2019, significant increases of incidence and mortality were observed for 33 countries (average annual percent changes [AAPCs], 0.24-3.82) and 18 countries (AAPCs, 0.41-2.22), respectively. A stronger increase in incidence was observed among males (AAPCs, 0.36-4.54) and individuals <50 years (AAPCs, 0.56-3.86). Notably, 15 countries showed significant decreases in both incidence (AAPCs, -0.24 to -2.19) and mortality (AAPCs, -0.84 to -2.74). A significant increase of incidence among individuals <50 years was observed in 30 countries (AAPCs, 0.28-3.62). Countries with higher incidence were more likely to have a higher prevalence of alcohol drinking, higher level of cholesterol level, higher level of unemployment, and a poorer healthcare system.ConclusionsSome high-HDI countries showed decreasing trends in CRC incidence and mortality, whereas developing countries that previously had low disease burden showed significantly increased incidence and mortality trends, especially in males and populations ≥50 years, which require targeted preventive health programs.

Dataset Information

The contribution of smoking-attributable mortality to differences in mortality and life expectancy among US African-American and white adults, 2000-2019.

Background

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Contribution

Publications

The contribution of smoking-attributable mortality to differences in mortality and life expectancy among US African-American and white adults, 2000-2019.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets