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Moesziomyces spp. cultivation using cheese whey: new yeast extract-free media, β-galactosidase biosynthesis and mannosylerythritol lipids production.

ABSTRACT: Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) are biosurfactants with excellent biochemical properties and a wide range of potential applications. However, high production costs, low productivity and unsatisfactory scale-up production have hampered commercial adoption. Herein, we report for the first time the β-galactosidase production by Moesziomyces spp. from different sugars (D-galactose, D-glucose and D-lactose), with D-galactose being the best β-galactosidase inducer, with 11.2 and 63.1 IU/mg_biomass, for Moesziomyces aphidis 5535^T and Moesziomyces antarcticus 5048^T, respectively. The production of this enzyme allows to break down D-lactose and thus to produce MEL directly from D-lactose or cheese whey (a cheese industry by-product). Remarkably, when CW was used as sole media component (carbon and mineral source), in combination with waste frying oil, MEL productivities were very close (1.40 and 1.31 g_MEL/L/day) to the ones obtained with optimized medium containing yeast extract (1.92 and 1.50 g_MEL/g_susbtrate), both for M. antarcticus and M. aphidis. The low-cost, facile and efficient process which generates large amounts of MELs potentiates its industrialization.

Supplementary information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13399-022-02837-y.

SUBMITTER: Nascimento MF

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9159787 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Upon nitrogen starvation, the basidiomycete Ustilago maydis, which causes smut disease on corn, secretes amphipathic glycolipids, including mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs). MELs consist of a carbohydrate core whose mannosyl moiety is both acylated with fatty acids of different lengths and acetylated. Here, we report the transport of MELs into and out of the cell depending on the transport protein Mmf1, which belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Analysis of mmf1 mutants and mutants lacking the acetyltransferase Mat1 revealed that Mmf1 is necessary for the export of acetylated MELs, while MELs without an acetyl group are secreted independently of this transporter. Upon deletion of mmf1, we detected novel MEL species lacking the acyl side chain at C-3'. With the help of feeding experiments, we demonstrate that MELs are taken up by U. maydis in an mmf1-independent manner. This leads to catabolism or rearrangement of acetyl and acyl side groups and subsequent secretion. The catabolism of MELs involves the presence of Mac2, an enzyme required for MEL biosynthesis. In cocultivation experiments, mutual exchange of MELs between different mutants was observed. Thus, we propose a novel function for fungal glycolipids as an external carbon storage. IMPORTANCE Fungi produce and secrete various secondary metabolites that can act as weapons against competitors, help in accessing nutrients, or assist in development and communication. One group of secondary metabolites are surface-active glycolipids, which have significant biotechnological potential as biodegradable detergents. While the biosynthesis of several fungal biosurfactants is well characterized, their biological functions and transport routes are less understood. We developed a cocultivation assay to show that a class of glycolipids from Ustilago maydis called mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) can be exchanged between cells and modified or even degraded by recipient cells. Feeding assays with purified MELs led to similar results. These data provide insight into the surprising biological role of MELs as putative external carbon sources. Applying feeding and cocultivation experiments on MEL biosynthesis mutants turned out to be a valuable strategy for systematically studying the import routes and degradation pathways of glycolipids. By using these assays, we demonstrate the function of the transport protein Mmf1 as a specific exporter of acetylated MELs. We propose that these assays may be applied more generally, thereby opening novel areas of research.

Dataset Information

Moesziomyces spp. cultivation using cheese whey: new yeast extract-free media, β-galactosidase biosynthesis and mannosylerythritol lipids production.

Supplementary information

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