Dataset Information

Atractylenolide III ameliorates spinal cord injury in rats by modulating microglial/macrophage polarization.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Inflammatory reactions induced by spinal cord injury (SCI) are essential for recovery after SCI. Atractylenolide III (ATL-III) is a natural monomeric herbal bioactive compound that is mainly derived in Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz and has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects.

Objective

Here, we speculated that ATL-III may ameliorate SCI by modulating microglial/macrophage polarization. In the present research, we focused on investigating the role of ATL-III on SCI in rats and explored the potential mechanism.

Methods

The protective and anti-inflammatory effects of ATL-III on neuronal cells were examined in a rat SCI model and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglial line. The spinal cord lesion area, myelin integrity, and surviving neurons were assessed by specific staining. Locomotor function was evaluated by the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scale, grid walk test, and footprint test. The activation and polarization of microglia/macrophages were assessed by immunohistofluorescence and flow cytometry. The expression of corresponding inflammatory factors from M1/M2 and the activation of relevant signaling pathways were assessed by Western blotting.

Results

ATL-III effectively improved histological and functional recovery in SCI rats. Furthermore, ATL-III promoted the transformation of M1 into M2 and attenuated the activation of microglia/macrophages, further suppressing the expression of corresponding inflammatory mediators. This effect may be partly mediated by inhibition of neuroinflammation through the NF-κB, JNK MAPK, p38 MAPK, and Akt pathways.

Conclusion

This study reveals a novel effect of ATL-III in the regulation of microglial/macrophage polarization and provides initial evidence that ATL-III has potential therapeutic benefits in SCI rats.

SUBMITTER: Xue MT

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9160450 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Atractylenolide III ameliorates spinal cord injury in rats by modulating microglial/macrophage polarization.

Xue Meng-Tong MT Sheng Wen-Jie WJ Song Xue X Shi Yu-Jiao YJ Geng Zhi-Jun ZJ Shen Lin L Wang Rui R Lü He-Zuo HZ Hu Jian-Guo JG

CNS neuroscience & therapeutics 20220410 7

<h4>Background</h4>Inflammatory reactions induced by spinal cord injury (SCI) are essential for recovery after SCI. Atractylenolide III (ATL-III) is a natural monomeric herbal bioactive compound that is mainly derived in Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz and has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects.<h4>Objective</h4>Here, we speculated that ATL-III may ameliorate SCI by modulating microglial/macrophage polarization. In the present research, we focused on investigating the role of ATL-III ...[more]

PMID: 35403332

Similar Datasets

Project description:ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of ketogenic metabolism on macrophage polarization, inflammation inhibition, and function recovery after acute spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats.MethodsSixty-four adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly and equally divided into sham, standard diet (SD), ketone diet (KD), and 1, 3-butanediol (BD) groups. All animals underwent C5 unilateral laminectomy, whereas the SD, KD, and BD groups underwent C5 spinal cord hemi-contusion. The impact rod with a diameter of 1.5 mm was aligned 22.5° to the left and 1.4 mm to the midline, and then triggered to deliver a set displacement of 1.5 mm at a speed of 100 mm/s. The gene expression of inflammatory factors as well as the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, arginase-1, and inflammatory factors were measured at 1 week post-injury. Serum ketone and behavior were evaluated every second week for 12 weeks. Then, histological analyses of the gray and white matter at the epicenter were conducted at 12 weeks post-injury.ResultsThe serum ketone levels of the KD and BD groups were significantly increased when compared with the SD group. The gene and protein expression of TNF-α and IL-1β tended to increase after the SCI, but were inhibited in the KD and BD groups. The protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, marker of M1 macrophage, was inhibited in the KD and BD groups; on the other hand, the expression of arginase-1, marker of M2 macrophage, was boosted in the KD and BD groups. The usage of the ipsilateral forelimb was higher in the KD group than in the SD group. The hemi-contusive injury resulted in an obvious ipsilateral lesion area at the epicenter, and there was no significant difference between groups regarding the lesion size. However, the spared gray matter area was significantly greater in the KD group than in the SD and BD groups.ConclusionThe present study suggests that ketogenic metabolism promotes macrophage polarization to M2, inhibits an inflammatory response, and alleviates the loss of gray matter after SCI. A higher ketone level, such as that induced by the ketogenic diet, seems to benefit function recovery after SCI.

Dataset Information

Atractylenolide III ameliorates spinal cord injury in rats by modulating microglial/macrophage polarization.

Background

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Atractylenolide III ameliorates spinal cord injury in rats by modulating microglial/macrophage polarization.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets