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T cell responses during HBV and HCV infections: similar but not quite the same?


ABSTRACT: The hepatitis B and C viruses persist by evasion of T cell immunity. Persistence depends upon premature failure of CD4+ T cell help and loss of CD8+ T cell control because of epitope mutational escape and/or functional exhaustion. Powerful new immunological and transcriptomic tools provide insight into the mechanisms of T cell silencing by HBV and HCV. Similarities are apparent, including dysregulated expression of common inhibitory/immune checkpoint receptors and transcription factors. There are also differences. T cell exhaustion is uniform in HCV infection, but varies in HBV infection depending on disease stage and/or protein target. Here, we review recent advances defining similarities and differences in T cell evasion by HBV and HCV, and the potential for reversal following antiviral therapy.

SUBMITTER: Shoukry NH 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9164221 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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T cell responses during HBV and HCV infections: similar but not quite the same?

Shoukry Naglaa H NH   Walker Christopher M CM  

Current opinion in virology 20211004


The hepatitis B and C viruses persist by evasion of T cell immunity. Persistence depends upon premature failure of CD4+ T cell help and loss of CD8+ T cell control because of epitope mutational escape and/or functional exhaustion. Powerful new immunological and transcriptomic tools provide insight into the mechanisms of T cell silencing by HBV and HCV. Similarities are apparent, including dysregulated expression of common inhibitory/immune checkpoint receptors and transcription factors. There ar  ...[more]

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