Dataset Information

A generalist-specialist trade-off between switchgrass cytotypes impacts climate adaptation and geographic range.

ABSTRACT: Polyploidy results from whole-genome duplication and is a unique form of heritable variation with pronounced evolutionary implications. Different ploidy levels, or cytotypes, can exist within a single species, and such systems provide an opportunity to assess how ploidy variation alters phenotypic novelty, adaptability, and fitness, which can, in turn, drive the development of unique ecological niches that promote the coexistence of multiple cytotypes. Switchgrass, Panicum virgatum, is a widespread, perennial C4 grass in North America with multiple naturally occurring cytotypes, primarily tetraploids (4×) and octoploids (8×). Using a combination of genomic, quantitative genetic, landscape, and niche modeling approaches, we detect divergent levels of genetic admixture, evidence of niche differentiation, and differential environmental sensitivity between switchgrass cytotypes. Taken together, these findings support a generalist (8×)–specialist (4×) trade-off. Our results indicate that the 8× represent a unique combination of genetic variation that has allowed the expansion of switchgrass’ ecological niche and thus putatively represents a valuable breeding resource.

SUBMITTER: Napier JD

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9169841 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A generalist-specialist trade-off between switchgrass cytotypes impacts climate adaptation and geographic range.

Napier Joseph D JD Grabowski Paul P PP Lovell John T JT Bonnette Jason J Mamidi Sujan S Gomez-Hughes Maria Jose MJ VanWallendael Acer A Weng Xiaoyu X Weng Xiaoyu X Handley Lori H LH Kim Min K MK Boe Arvid R AR Fay Philip A PA Fritschi Felix B FB Jastrow Julie D JD Lloyd-Reilley John J Lowry David B DB Matamala Roser R Mitchell Robert B RB Rouquette Francis M FM Wu Yanqi Y Webber Jenell J Jones Teresa T Barry Kerrie K Grimwood Jane J Schmutz Jeremy J Juenger Thomas E TE

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20220404 15

Polyploidy results from whole-genome duplication and is a unique form of heritable variation with pronounced evolutionary implications. Different ploidy levels, or cytotypes, can exist within a single species, and such systems provide an opportunity to assess how ploidy variation alters phenotypic novelty, adaptability, and fitness, which can, in turn, drive the development of unique ecological niches that promote the coexistence of multiple cytotypes. Switchgrass, Panicum virgatum, is a widespr ...[more]

PMID: 35377798

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Project description:Theoretically, homogeneous environments favor the evolution of specialists whereas heterogeneous environments favor generalists. Canine distemper is a multi-host carnivore disease caused by canine distemper virus (CDV). The described cell receptor of CDV is SLAM (CD150). Attachment of CDV hemagglutinin protein (CDV-H) to this receptor facilitates fusion and virus entry in cooperation with the fusion protein (CDV-F). We investigated whether CDV strains co-evolved in the large, homogeneous domestic dog population exhibited specialist traits, and strains adapted to the heterogeneous environment of smaller populations of different carnivores exhibited generalist traits. Comparison of amino acid sequences of the SLAM binding region revealed higher similarity between sequences from Canidae species than to sequences from other carnivore families. Using an in vitro assay, we quantified syncytia formation mediated by CDV-H proteins from dog and non-dog CDV strains in cells expressing dog, lion or cat SLAM. CDV-H proteins from dog strains produced significantly higher values with cells expressing dog SLAM than with cells expressing lion or cat SLAM. CDV-H proteins from strains of non-dog species produced similar values in all three cell types, but lower values in cells expressing dog SLAM than the values obtained for CDV-H proteins from dog strains. By experimentally changing one amino acid (Y549H) in the CDV-H protein of one dog strain we decreased expression of specialist traits and increased expression of generalist traits, thereby confirming its functional importance. A virus titer assay demonstrated that dog strains produced higher titers in cells expressing dog SLAM than cells expressing SLAM of non-dog hosts, which suggested possible fitness benefits of specialization post-cell entry. We provide in vitro evidence for the expression of specialist and generalist traits by CDV strains, and fitness trade-offs across carnivore host environments caused by antagonistic pleiotropy. These findings extend knowledge on CDV molecular epidemiology of particular relevance to wild carnivores.

Dataset Information

A generalist-specialist trade-off between switchgrass cytotypes impacts climate adaptation and geographic range.

Publications

A generalist-specialist trade-off between switchgrass cytotypes impacts climate adaptation and geographic range.

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