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A 2D nanotheranostic platform based on graphene oxide and phase-change materials for bimodal CT/MR imaging, NIR-activated drug release, and synergistic thermo-chemotherapy.

ABSTRACT: Recent years have seen considerable progress in the development of nanomedicine by the advent of 2D nanomaterials serving as ideal platforms to integrate multiple theranostic functions. We synthesized multifunctional stimuli-responsive 2D-based smart nanocomposites (NCs), comprising gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and superparamagnetic iron oxides (SPIOs) scaffolded within graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets, coated with doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded 1-tetradecanol (TD), and further modified with an alginate (Alg) polymer. TD is a phase-change material (PCM) that confines DOX molecules to the GO surface and melts when the temperature exceeds its melting point (Tm=39 °C), causing the PCM to release its drug payload. By virtue of their strong near-infrared (NIR) light absorption and high photothermal conversion efficiency, GO nanosheets may enable photothermal therapy (PTT) and activate a phase change to trigger DOX release. Upon NIR irradiation of NCs, a synergistic thermo-chemotherapeutic effect can be obtained by GO-mediated PTT, resulting an accelerated and controllable drug release through the PCM mechanism. The biodistribution of these NCs could also be imaged with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in vitro and in vivo. Hence, this multifunctional nanotheranostic platform based on 2D nanomaterials appears a promising candidate for multimodal image-guided cancer therapy.

SUBMITTER: Mirrahimi M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9194590 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:The present work demonstrates the ability of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and other two-dimensional materials (2DMs) like tungsten disulfide (WS2), molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) to act as protective barriers against the fading of architectural paints and also inks/paints used in art. The results present a new approach for improving the lightfastness of colours of artworks and painted indoor/outdoor wall surfaces taking advantage of the remarkable properties of 2DMs. As shown herein, commercial inks and architectural paints of different colours doped with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and other 2DMs, exhibit a superior resistance to fading under ultraviolet radiation or even under exposure to visible light. A spectroscopic study on these inks and dyes reveals that the peaks which are characteristic of the colour pigments are less affected from aging/fading when the GNPs and the other 2DMs are present. The protection mechanism for the GNPs and the other 2DMs differs. For GNPs, mainly their high surface area which leads to free radicals scavenging (especially hydroxyl radicals), and secondarily their UV absorption, are responsible for their protection effects, while for GO, a transition to rGO structures and consequently to 'smart' paints can be observed after the performed aging routes. In this way, the paint gets improved by time preventing or slowing its own fading and decolorization. For the other 2DMs, the transition-metal dichalcogenides performed better than hBN, even though they all absorb in the UV region. This can be ascribed to the facts that the formers also absorb in the visible, while hBN does not, while most importantly, they can trap reactive oxygen species (ROS) and corrosive gases in their structure as opposed to hBN. By conducting colorimetric measurements, we have discovered that the lifetime of the as-developed 2DM-doped inks and paints can be extended by up to ∼40%.

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A 2D nanotheranostic platform based on graphene oxide and phase-change materials for bimodal CT/MR imaging, NIR-activated drug release, and synergistic thermo-chemotherapy.

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