Dataset Information

Humoral and Cellular Response to Spike of Delta SARS-CoV-2 Variant in Vaccinated Patients With Multiple Sclerosis.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

We assessed vaccination-induced antibody and cellular response against spike from the ancestral strain and from the Delta Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) treated with disease modifying treatments.

Methods

We enrolled 47 patients with MS and nine controls ("no MS") having completed the vaccination schedule within 4-6 months from the first dose. The Interferon (IFN)-γ-response to spike peptides derived from the ancestral and the Delta SARS-CoV-2 was measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). Anti-Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) IgG were also evaluated.

Results

No significant differences were found comparing the IFN-γ-specific immune response between MS and "no MS" subjects to the ancestral (P = 0.62) or Delta peptide pools (P = 0.68). Nevertheless, a reduced IFN-γ-specific response to the ancestral or to the Delta pools was observed in subjects taking fingolimod or cladribine compared to subjects treated with ocrelizumab or IFN-β. The antibody response was significantly reduced in patients with MS compared to "no MS" subjects (P = 0.0452) mainly in patients taking ocrelizumab or fingolimod.

Conclusions

Cellular responses to Delta SARS-CoV-2 variant remain largely intact in patients with MS. However, the magnitude of these responses depends on the specific therapy.

SUBMITTER: Petrone L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9194677 | biostudies-literature | 2022

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Humoral and Cellular Response to Spike of Delta SARS-CoV-2 Variant in Vaccinated Patients With Multiple Sclerosis.

Petrone Linda L Tortorella Carla C Aiello Alessandra A Farroni Chiara C Ruggieri Serena S Castilletti Concetta C Meschi Silvia S Cuzzi Gilda G Vanini Valentina V Palmieri Fabrizio F Prosperini Luca L Haggiag Shalom S Galgani Simona S Grifoni Alba A Sette Alessandro A Gasperini Claudio C Nicastri Emanuele E Goletti Delia D

Frontiers in neurology 20220531

<h4>Objectives</h4>We assessed vaccination-induced antibody and cellular response against spike from the ancestral strain and from the Delta Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) treated with disease modifying treatments.<h4>Methods</h4>We enrolled 47 patients with MS and nine controls ("no MS") having completed the vaccination schedule within 4-6 months from the first dose. The Interferon (IFN)-γ-response to spike peptides ...[more]

PMID: 35711277

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Project description:BackgroundThe SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant was first identified in the U.S. in March 2021 and has rapidly become the predominant lineage across the U.S. due to increased transmissibility, immune evasion and vaccine breakthrough. The aim of this study was to better understand the genetic diversity and the potential impact of mutations observed in SARS-CoV-2 viruses circulating in the U.S. in vaccinated individuals.ResultsWhole genome sequencing was performed on thirty-four SARS-CoV-2 positive samples using the Oxford Nanopore MinION. Evolutionary genomic analysis revealed two novel mutations, ORF1b:V2354F and a premature stop codon, ORF7a:Q94*, identified in a cluster of SARS-CoV-2 Delta isolates collected from vaccinated individuals in Colorado. The ORF1b:V2354F mutation, corresponding to NSP15:V303F, may induce a conformational change and result in a disruption to a flanking beta-sheet structure. The premature stop codon, ORF7a:Q94*, truncates the transmembrane protein and cytosolic tail used to mediate protein transport. This may affect protein localization to the ER-Golgi. In addition to these novel mutations, the cluster of vaccinated isolates contain an additional mutation in the spike protein, at position 112, compared to the Delta variant defining mutations. This mutation, S112L, exists in isolates previously obtained in the U.S. The S112L mutation substitutes a bulky hydrophobic side chain for a polar side chain, which results in a non-conservative substitution within the protein that may affect antibody-binding affinity. Additionally, the vaccinated cluster of isolates contains non-synonymous mutations within ORF8 and NSPs which further distinguish this cluster from the respective ancestral Delta variant.ConclusionsThese results show there is an emerging sub-lineage of the ancestral Delta variant circulating in the U.S. As mutations emerge in constellations, those with a potentially beneficial advantage to the virus may continue to circulate while others will cease.

Project description:BackgroundImmunocompromised patients are at increased risk of severe COVID-19 and impaired vaccine response. In this observational prospective study, we evaluated immunogenicity of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in cohorts of primary or secondary immunocompromised patients.MethodsFive clinical groups of immunocompromised patients [primary immunodeficiency (PID) (n=57), people living with HIV (PLWH) (n=27), secondary immunocompromised patients with a broad variety of underlying rheumatologic (n=23) and homogeneous (multiple sclerosis) neurologic (n=53) conditions and chronic kidney disease (CKD) (n=39)] as well as a healthy control group (n=54) were included. Systemic humoral and cellular immune responses were evaluated by determination of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike antibodies using a TrimericS IgG assay (Diasorin) and through quantification of interferon gamma release in response to SARS-CoV-2 antigen with QuantiFERON SARS-CoV-2 assay (Qiagen), respectively. Responses were measured at pre-defined time-points after complete vaccination.ResultsAll healthy controls, PLWH and CKD-patients had detectable antibodies 10 to 14 days (T2) and 3 months (T3) after administration of the second vaccination. In contrast, only 94.5% of the PID, 50.0% of the rheumatologic and 48.0% of neurologic patients developed antibodies at T2 and only 89.1% of the PID, 52.4% of the rheumatologic and 50.0% of neurologic patients developed antibodies at T3. At T3 no significant differences in cellular response between the healthy control group and the PLWH and CKD groups were found, while proportions of reactive subjects were lower in PID and rheumatologic patients and higher in neurologic patients. Humoral and cellular immune responses significantly correlated in the healthy control, PID, PLWH groups for all 3 antigens.ConclusionPatients with acquired or inherited immune disorders may show variable immune responses to vaccination with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Whether humoral, cellular or both immune responses are delayed depends on the patient group, therapy and individual risk factors. These data may guide the counselling of patients with immune disorders regarding vaccination of SARS-CoV-2.

Dataset Information

Humoral and Cellular Response to Spike of Delta SARS-CoV-2 Variant in Vaccinated Patients With Multiple Sclerosis.

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Humoral and Cellular Response to Spike of Delta SARS-CoV-2 Variant in Vaccinated Patients With Multiple Sclerosis.

Similar Datasets

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