Prevalence of gaming addiction and its impact on sleep quality: A cross-sectional study from Pakistan
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ABSTRACT: Background
Gaming addiction has become a topic of increasing research interest worldwide but little research has been carried out in Pakistan. Aims
The present study assessed the prevalence of gaming addiction among a Pakistani sample of adults in the general population. It also explored the effects of online gaming addiction upon sleep quality. Method
A cross-sectional survey was carried out during a national lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan. Using a convenience sampling technique, an online survey comprising demographic information, the Game Addiction Scale (GAS), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was completed by 618 participants (67.5% male) aged 18–56 years (M = 24.53 years, SD = ±5.016). Results
Out of 618 participants, 57.0% (n=352) played online games. Among gamers, 12.5% (n = 44) were classed as addicted to the gaming based on GAS scores. Compared to those not addicted to gaming, participants with gaming addiction had significantly poorer subjective sleep quality, higher sleep disturbance, lesser sleep duration, and higher daytime dysfunction. Gaming addiction was also more prevalent among males compared to females. Conclusion
Gaming addiction among the Pakistani general population is significantly associated with poor sleep quality. This problem needs to be addressed at both individual and societal levels to avoid adverse long-term health impacts. Highlights • Problematic gaming behavior has been identified as one of the emerging public health issues, especially among adolescents and young adults.• Gaming addiction in the Pakistani population affected a significant minority (based on GAS scores) and was associated with poor sleep quality.• Gaming addiction was found to be more prevalent among males compared to females.• Psychoeducation on the knowledge of gaming for general population of Pakistan may be used to be a preventive method to improve their sleep.
SUBMITTER: Zaman M
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9206897 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Apr
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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| S-EPMC8529471 | biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundDigital technology use is nearly ubiquitous among young adults; this use provides both benefits and risks. The risks of technology use include maladaptive technology use or technology addiction. Several conceptualizations of these addictions have emerged, each with its own assessment tools. These conditions include problematic internet use (PIU), internet gaming disorder (IGD), and social media addiction (SMA). These conditions have been associated with health outcomes such as problematic alcohol use, sleep disorders, and mental illness. These maladaptive technology conditions have been most commonly studied in isolation from each other.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to examine PIU, IGD, and SMA together to better inform future research approaches and provider screening practices for young adults.MethodsThis cross-sectional survey study was conducted using Qualtrics panel-based recruitment and survey hosting. We recruited US young adults aged 18-25 years. The survey assessed PIU, IGD, and SMA. Survey measures also included assessments of problematic alcohol use, sleep, depression, and anxiety. We evaluated the frequency of and overlap in positive screening scores among PIU, IGD, and SMA and modeled each condition using multivariate logistic regression. Finally, we calculated sensitivity and specificity, as well as the positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the screening tools using the most prevalent maladaptive technology type.ResultsOur 6000 participants had an average age of 21.7 (SD 2.5) years. Of these 6000 participants, 3062 (51.03%) were female, 3431 (57.18%) were Caucasian, 1686 (28.1%) were in a 4-year college program, and 2319 (38.65%) worked full time. The mean PIU score was 3.5 (SD 3.1), and 53.58% (3215/6000) of participants met the criteria for PIU. The mean IGD score was 2.7 (SD 2.6), and 24.33% (1460/6000) of participants met the criteria for IGD. The mean SMA score was 7.5 (SD 5.7), and 3.42% (205/6000) met the criteria for SMA. Across all 3 maladaptive technology use diagnoses, there were varied associations with demographic variables and similar overlap with health outcomes. The sensitivity of PIU screening to detect IGD was 82% and to detect SMA was 93%, whereas the specificity and positive predictive value were much lower (37%-54% specificity; 6%-37% positive predictive value).ConclusionsThis cross-sectional survey screened a large national sample of adolescents and young adults for PIU, IGD, and SMA to determine prevalence and overlap, demographic associations with each, and associations between these technology-related conditions and health outcomes. There was overlap across PIU, IGD, and SMA in some associated demographic variables and health outcomes. However, the patterns in the associated variables demonstrated unique qualities of each of these conditions.
| S-EPMC8832277 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Video and hobby gaming are immensely popular among adults; however, associations between gaming and health have primarily been investigated in children and adolescents. Furthermore, most research has focused on electronic gaming, despite traditional hobby gaming gaining prominence. OBJECTIVE:To determine whether the number of platforms used, platform preference, and gaming time are associated with obesity, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and cardiovascular risk factors in an adult gaming population. METHODS:We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data obtained from 292 participants who attended a large Midwestern gaming convention. We collected data using a computer-based questionnaire that comprised questions on gaming behavior, demographics, physical activity (using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire), and health characteristics. In addition, we used multivariable-adjusted linear and logistic regression to model health outcomes as a function of the number of platforms used, platform preference, and weekday and weekend gaming time quartile. RESULTS:After adjusting for covariates, we observed a significant linear trend for increasing odds of being obese and higher weekend sitting time by the number of platforms used (P=.03 for both). The platform preference and weekend gaming time quartile exhibited significant associations with odds of meeting physical activity recommendations (P=.047 and P=.03, respectively). In addition, we observed higher odds of being obese among those reporting that they sat most or all of the time while gaming [odds ratio (OR) 2.69 (95% CI 1.14-6.31) and OR 2.71 (95% CI 1.06-6.93), respectively]. CONCLUSIONS:In adult gamers, the number of platforms used, which platforms they prefer to play on, and the amount of time spent gaming on weekends could have significant implications for their odds of being obese and meeting physical activity recommendations.
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Project description:Study objectivesPatients with sarcoidosis experience fatigue and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). However, the underlying pathomechanism is unclear. Studies suggested undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) to be an important contributor, but reliable data on prevalence and impact of OSA in sarcoidosis are scarce.Methods71 adult patients with sarcoidosis, 1-to-1 matched to 71 adult controls according to sex, age, and body mass index were included. Participants underwent structured interviews (including Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS], Fatigue Assessment Scale [FAS], and Functional Outcome of Sleep Questionnaire [FOSQ-30]) and level-3 respiratory polygraphy. OSA was defined as apnea-hypopnea index ≥ 5 events/h. Prevalence of OSA was assessed and possible risk factors for OSA in sarcoidosis were investigated.ResultsMild OSA (AHI ≥ 5 events/h) was prevalent in 32 (45%) sarcoidosis patients vs 22 (31%) controls (P = .040). Sarcoidosis patients presented higher ESS compared with matched controls (P = .037). FAS scores (median [quartile] of 21.5 [16, 27.5]) indicated fatigue in sarcoidosis patients. Patients with EDS (ESS ≥ 11) presented reduced FOSQ-30 results (median [quartile] of 16.7 [15.2, 17.8]). ESS, FAS, and FOSQ were not associated with AHI in sarcoidosis patients. Body mass index, sex, neck circumference, and NoSAS score were predictors for OSA in sarcoidosis.ConclusionsThe risk for mild OSA is 2.5-fold higher in sarcoidosis patients compared with matched controls. OSA seems not to be the reason for increased sleepiness or fatigue in sarcoidosis. Risk factors such as body mass index, sex, neck circumference, and NoSAS score can be used to screen for OSA in sarcoidosis patients.Clinical trial registrationRegistry: ClinicalTrials.gov; Name: Obstructive Sleep Apnoea in Sarcoidosis (OSASA); URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/history/NCT04156789?V_2=View; Identifier: NCT04156789.CitationRoeder M, Sievi NA, Schneider A, et al. The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in sarcoidosis and its impact on sleepiness, fatigue, and sleep-associated quality of life: a cross-sectional study with matched controls (the OSASA study). J Clin Sleep Med. 2022;18(10):2415-2422.
| S-EPMC9516590 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Sleep problems are widespread among college students around the globe, especially in China. This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of poor sleep quality and identify associated factors among college students in Jilin Province, China. METHODS:A total of 6284 participants were completely collected by stratified cluster sampling in 2016. Information on basic demographics, lifestyles, social and family support, and subjective sleep quality was collected by questionnaire. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a self-administered questionnaire used to assess sleep for one month. RESULTS:1951 (31.0%) participants were classified into poor sleep quality group, as defined by a PSQI score?>?5. Males scored significantly higher than females on sleep duration and use of sleep medication, while females scored significantly higher than males on PSQI total and sleep disturbances. The results of the multivariate logistic regression show the following factors to be significant predictors of poor sleep quality: freshman (OR?=?1.523, 95% CI: 1.168-1.987), alcohol use (OR?=?1.634, 1.425-1.874), gambling behaviors (OR?=?1.167, 95% CI: 1.005-1.356), exercised for more than 30?min a week on less than one day (OR?=?1.234, 95% CI: 1.016-1.498), the feelings of satisfied with parental love (OR?=?1.849, 95% CI: 1.244-2.749), and harmonious/neutral relationship with classmates (OR?=?2.206, 95% CI: 1.312-3.708; OR?=?1.700, 95% CI: 1.414-2.045),. No study pressure of this academic year (OR?=?0.210, 95% CI: 0.159-0.276), no truancy in the past month (OR?=?0.510, 95% CI: 0.354-0.735), never had self-injurious behaviors (OR?=?0.413, 95% CI: 0.245-0.698), very harmonious family relationship (OR?=?0.377, 95% CI: 0.219-0.650), frequent communication with parents (OR?=?0.524, 95% CI: 0.312-0.880), the feelings of satisfied with maternal love (OR?=?0.432, 95% CI: 0.257-0.725), and frequent excursions to gymnasium (OR?=?0.770, 95% CI: 0.659-0.899) were the protective factors. CONCLUSIONS:The implication of the present study may be that college students must be made aware of the consequences of inadequate sleep quality and risk factors could be improved if students tried to change their behavior and subjective consciousness.
| S-EPMC7329462 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundDigital competence can help children and adolescents engage with technology for acquiring new knowledge and for broadening social contact and support, while reducing the risk of inappropriate media use. This study investigated the effects of digital competence on the risk of gaming addiction among children and adolescents. We explored whether students with good digital competence were protected from the adverse effects of media use and the risk of gaming addiction.Methods1956 students (690 primary and 1266 secondary) completed a digital competence assessment and a self-report questionnaire on their mental health status, use of digital devices, and experiences of cyberbullying. Multiple regression analyses with further mediation and moderation analyses were performed to investigate the association of digital competence with gaming addiction and mental health in children and adolescents.FindingsRegression analyses showed that children and adolescents with better digital competence were less likely to develop gaming addiction (β = -0.144, p < 0.0001) and experienced less cyberbullying behaviour as perpetrators (β = -0.169, p < 0.0001) and as victims (β = -0.121, p < 0.0001). Digital competence was found to mediate the relationship between digital device usage time and gaming addiction.InterpretationDigital competence is associated with less gaming addiction and could potentially lead to better mental wellbeing by reducing the risks of gaming addiction and cyberbullying. Education that promotes digital competence is essential to maximize the benefits of media use, while reducing the potential adverse effects from the inappropriate use of digital devices.FundingThis study was supported by a grant from the Research Grants Council of the HKSAR Government (#T44-707/16N) under the Theme-based Research Scheme.
| S-EPMC9366955 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the lives of many people, including medical students. The present study explored internet addiction and changes in sleep patterns among medical students during the pandemic and assessed the relationship between them.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out in seven countries, the Dominican Republic, Egypt, Guyana, India, Mexico, Pakistan, and Sudan, using a convenience sampling technique, an online survey comprising demographic details, information regarding COVID-19, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Internet Addiction Test (IAT).ResultsIn total, 2749 participants completed the questionnaire. Of the total, 67.6% scored above 30 in the IAT, suggesting the presence of an Internet addiction, and 73.5% scored equal and above 5 in the PSQI, suggesting poor sleep quality. Internet addiction was found to be significant predictors of poor sleep quality, causing 13.2% of the variance in poor sleep quality. Participants who reported COVID-19 related symptoms had disturbed sleep and higher internet addiction levels when compared with those who did not. Participants who reported a diagnosis of COVID-19 reported poor sleep quality. Those living with a COVID-19 diagnosed patient reported higher internet addiction and worse sleep quality compared with those who did not have any COVID-19 patients in their surroundings.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that internet addiction and poor sleep quality are two issues that require addressing amongst medical students. Medical training institutions should do their best to minimize their negative impact, particularly during the current COVID-19 pandemic.
| S-EPMC8570473 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe increase in the number of Internet users has increased Internet dependence worldwide. In adolescents, this dependence may interfere with sleep, which is important for the development of psychophysiological capabilities. However, few large-scale surveys have described the relationship between Internet addiction (IA) and sleep disturbance using standardized questionnaires. We conducted a survey in one prefecture in Japan to determine the relationship between sleep disturbance and IA in adolescents based on the categories of the Young Diagnostic Questionnaire (YDQ).MethodsIn 2016, high school students (N = 10,405, age range: 15-16 years) in all 54 daytime high schools in the selected prefecture were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire. Participants with scores > 5.5 points on the Japanese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were defined as having a sleep disturbance. IA was evaluated using the YDQ: Participants with five to eight YDQ items present were classified as having IA; those with three or four items present were classified as "at risk of IA"; and those with two or less YDQ items were classified as "non-IA". Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed with sleep disturbance as the dependent variable, IA as the explanatory variable, and adjustments for eight other variables.ResultsHigh YDQ scores were associated with a high prevalence of sleep disturbance in boys and girls. These findings persisted after controlling for other factors in the multiple regression model.ConclusionsAmong Japanese adolescents, there was a significant independent relationship between IA and sleep disturbance.
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